{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:00:54Z","timestamp":1791356454365,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,28]],"date-time":"2006-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effects of chronic deficiency of growth hormone (GH) and insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 (IGF\u20101) on osteoarthritis (OA) severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010five rats were divided into 4 treatment groups at 4 weeks of age: 1 control group (normal GH\/IGF\u20101 levels [heterozygous]) and 3 groups of dwarves with a genetic mutation that results in GH deficiency. The first dwarf group received GH for 64 weeks (GH replete) and the second received GH until 14 weeks of age, followed by saline for 50 weeks (adult\u2010onset GH\/IGF\u20101 deficiency [AO\u2010GHD]). The third dwarf group received saline injections only (lifetime GH deficient [GHD]). Sections of the medial knee joint compartment were graded and measured histologically; data were summarized using factor analysis, and treatment effects were assessed using analysis of variance and adjusting for body weight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Terminal IGF\u20101 levels and body weights were significantly affected by treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, respectively). Factor analysis yielded a total of 5 factors, the first 3 of which were not significantly affected by treatment. Factor 4 (weighted by medial tibial plateau articular cartilage width and area) was significantly affected by treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.012), with larger values in the AO\u2010GHD group than in the GHD group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Factor 5 (weighted primarily by articular cartilage structure and loss of toluidine blue staining scores) also was significantly affected by treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and was significantly lower (less severe lesions) in the GH replete group than in all other treatment groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Despite the presence of cartilage lesions, osteophytes and subchondral sclerosis were not observed in GH\/IGF\u20101\u2013deficient animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that chronic GH\/IGF\u20101 deficiency causes an increased severity of articular cartilage lesions of OA without the bony lesions normally seen in this disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,28]],"date-time":"2006-11-28T23:47:07Z","timestamp":1164757627000},"page":"3850-3858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Effects of chronic growth hormone and insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 deficiency on osteoarthritis severity in rat knee joints"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Kari J.","family":"Ekenstedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Sonntag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Loeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy S.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000110050288"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2600543"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B2.11167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302048200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1552::AID-ANR20>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000184758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.5.1484"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(02)02696-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200009)43:9<2110::AID-ANR23>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(00)00107-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00045-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(98)80010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1190051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000126382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1040053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.5.B177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153030-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100120305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00066-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.040309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","volume-title":"Applied regression analysis and other multivariate methods","author":"Kupper LL","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10884"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340916"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21296"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(91)90050-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780361209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199805)41:5<891::AID-ART17>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780361211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380513"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540305100312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","first-page":"409","article-title":"Cell kinetics of growth cartilage in the rat tibia. 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