{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:02:48Z","timestamp":1793138568260,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,28]],"date-time":"2007-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify the relative contribution of work\u2010related physical and psychosocial factors, individual factors, and health\u2010related factors to the development of more severe musculoskeletal pain in the neck and upper limbs and the back and lower limbs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort study of 5,604 workers from industrial and service companies, we collected information on work\u2010related physical and psychosocial exposures and on individual and health\u2010related factors. Questionnaires were completed at baseline by 4,006 participants (71.5%) and after 24 months by 3,276 (82%). At followup, participants with no or minor pain were included in Cox regression analyses to determine which factors predicted more severe regional pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 4,006 baseline respondents, only 7.7% were free of regional pain. A total of 1,513 participants were free of severe pain at baseline and completed the 24\u2010month followup. Highly repetitive work predicted arm pain, heavy lifting and prolonged standing predicted low back pain, and heavy pushing or pulling predicted lower limb pain. Low job satisfaction predicted neck\/shoulder pain and lower limb pain, whereas other psychosocial work place factors were only of marginal importance. High levels of fear avoidance were associated with arm pain and lower limb pain. A high body mass index was highly associated with lower limb pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Very few workers are totally free of pain in musculoskeletal regions, and we question the concept of incidence of musculoskeletal pain. The transition from no or minor pain to more severe pain was influenced by physical and psychosocial work place factors together with individual and health\u2010related factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,28]],"date-time":"2007-03-28T18:23:05Z","timestamp":1175106185000},"page":"1355-1364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":367,"title":["Risk factors for more severe regional musculoskeletal symptoms: A two\u2010year prospective study of a general working population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Johan H.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens P.","family":"Haahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poul","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Work\u2010related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD): a handbook for prevention","author":"Hagberg M","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","volume-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders and the workplace: low back and upper extremities","author":"Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","volume-title":"Epidemiology of the rheumatic diseases","author":"Silman AJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"Neck and back pain: the scientific evidence of causes, diagnosis and treatment","author":"Nachemson AL","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104010-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqh065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7265.897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2005.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4967(24)43385-2","article-title":"Association of occupational physical demands and psychosocial working environment with disabling shoulder pain","volume":"60","author":"Pope DP","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948020300030701"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.948"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90127-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(98)00092-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.859"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200203150-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.9.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000167533.83154.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7262.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqj024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1443::AID-ANR5>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(96)03022-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08320-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Psychosocial factors at work in relation to low back pain and consequences of low back pain: a systematic, critical review of prospective cohort studies","volume":"61","author":"Hartvigsen J","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.020016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1070-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199705010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/51.2.124"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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