{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:56:56Z","timestamp":1773154616153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,28]],"date-time":"2007-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In uncontrolled studies, a lateral\u2010wedge insole has reduced knee pain in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of this simple, low\u2010cost intervention for pain in patients with medial knee OA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a double\u2010blind, randomized, crossover trial designed to detect a small effect of treatment. Participants were at least 50 years of age and had medial joint space narrowing on posteroanterior semiflexed radiographs and scores indicating moderate pain for 2 of the 5 items on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scale. Participants were randomized to receive a 5\u00b0 lateral\u2010wedge insole or a neutral insole for 6 weeks. Following a 4\u2010week washout period, participants crossed over to the other treatment for 6 weeks. Knee pain, the primary outcome, was assessed by the WOMAC pain scale (visual analog scale version). Secondary outcomes included the WOMAC disability subscale, overall knee pain, 50\u2010feet walk time, chair\u2010stand time, and use of medications for knee pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety patients were randomized. The mean difference in pain between the 2 treatments was 13.8 points on the WOMAC pain scale (95% confidence interval \u22123.9, 31.4 [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.13]). We observed similar small effects for the secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of treatment with a lateral\u2010wedge insole for knee OA was neither statistically significant nor clinically important.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,28]],"date-time":"2007-03-28T18:24:26Z","timestamp":1175106266000},"page":"1198-1203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["A randomized crossover trial of a wedged insole for treatment of knee osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kristin","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Goggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Szumowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"LaValley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Felson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1343::AID-ART3>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02351-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.011742"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198702000-00024","article-title":"The mechanics of treatment of the osteoarthritic knee with a wedged insole","volume":"215","author":"Yasuda K","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31924-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198708000-00021","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the treatment of osteoarthritic knees using a newly designed wedged insole","volume":"221","author":"Sasaki T","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00210530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.33225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-5_Part_1-200309020-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis","volume":"3","author":"Altman RD","year":"1995","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"540","article-title":"What WOMAC pain score should make a patient eligible for a trial in knee osteoarthritis?","volume":"32","author":"Goggins J","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"1833","article-title":"Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee","volume":"15","author":"Bellamy N","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"999","article-title":"A multicenter study of tenoxicam and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"20","author":"Bellamy N","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"2635","article-title":"Minimal perceptible clinical improvement with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index questionnaire and global assessments in patients with osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Ehrich EW","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","volume-title":"Essential medical statistics","author":"Kirkwood BR","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"444","article-title":"Osteoarthritis antirheumatic drug trials. 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