{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:41:31Z","timestamp":1791103291464,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effect of glucocorticoid use on the risk of various cardiovascular diseases in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assembled a population\u2010based incidence cohort of 364 patients with PMR first diagnosed between January 1, 1970 and December 31, 1999. Inclusion criteria were age \u226550 years, bilateral aching and morning stiffness involving at least 2 areas (neck, shoulders, hips, or proximal aspects of the thighs), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) \u226540 mm\/hour. In patients who fulfilled the first 2 criteria but had a normal ESR, a rapid response to low\u2010dose glucocorticoids served as the third criterion. Patients were followed up until death or December 31, 2004. Cox models with time\u2010dependent covariates were used to examine the association between glucocorticoid exposure and risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 364 PMR patients (mean age 73 years, 67% women) were followed for a median of 7.6 years. During the disease course, 310 (85%) patients received glucocorticoids. After adjusting for age, calendar year, and ESR, patients who received glucocorticoids did not have a significantly higher risk for myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.58 [0.29\u20131.18], 0.85 [0.45\u20131.54], 0.58 [0.24\u20131.40], and 0.65 [0.33\u20131.26], respectively) compared with those who did not receive glucocorticoids. In fact, a trend for a protective effect was seen. No significant association was observed between cumulative glucocorticoid dose and any of the outcomes (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.39).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with PMR, treatment with glucocorticoids is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T18:17:28Z","timestamp":1172686648000},"page":"279-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Glucocorticoids and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in polymyalgia rheumatica"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Hilal Maradit","family":"Kremers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan S.","family":"Reinalda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia S.","family":"Crowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"John M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene G.","family":"Hunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherine E.","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90639-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"1856","article-title":"Use of low\u2010dose glucocorticoids and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: what is the true direction of effect?","volume":"32","author":"Davis JM","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2004.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.70.830.863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00297-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0502-473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(94)90206-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.7.1726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00148-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.020180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.038638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.5.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Relapse in a population based cohort of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"32","author":"Kremers HM","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/71.3.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2004.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","first-page":"2179","article-title":"The spectrum of conditions mimicking polymyalgia rheumatica in Northwestern Spain","volume":"27","author":"Gonzalez\u2010Gay MA","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","first-page":"1694","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica over a 30 year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA","volume":"29","author":"Doran MF","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp038168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","first-page":"2562","article-title":"Extent of inflammation predicts cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study from disease onset","volume":"26","author":"Wallberg\u2010Jonsson S","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","first-page":"445","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden","volume":"24","author":"Wallberg\u2010Jonsson S","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000101572.76273.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semarthrit.2003.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00133-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Davis J","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.13.6.892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"Effects of dexamethasone on migration of human monocytes in response to oxidized \u03b2: very low density lipoprotein","volume":"20","author":"Yamada K","year":"1993","journal-title":"Artery"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90455-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.11.1238"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.22548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.22548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T07:15:00Z","timestamp":1700032500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.22548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.22548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.22548","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7524","1529-0123"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7524","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0123","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]]}}}