{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:02:12Z","timestamp":1791068532514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,30]],"date-time":"2007-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate type I interferon (IFN) system activation and its correlation with autoantibodies and organ manifestations in polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and inclusion body myositis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sera from 30 patients and 16 healthy controls, or purified IgG, were combined with material released from necrotized cells to stimulate IFN\u03b1 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy blood donors. Muscle biopsy specimens from 25 patients and 7 healthy controls were investigated for blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA\u20102)\u2013positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and IFN\u03b1\/\u03b2\u2010inducible myxovirus resistance 1 (MX\u20101) protein.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sera from 13 patients who were positive for anti\u2013Jo\u20101 or anti\u2013Ro 52\/anti\u2013Ro 60 autoantibodies induced IFN\u03b1 production in PBMCs when combined with necrotic cell material. In addition, IgG prepared from anti\u2013Jo\u20101\u2013positive PM sera induced IFN\u03b1 with necrotic material, but not when the latter was treated with RNase. BDCA\u20102 expression in PDCs in muscle tissue was increased in PM patients with anti\u2013Jo\u20101 autoantibodies, while MX\u20101 staining in capillaries was increased in DM patients, compared with healthy individuals. IFN\u03b1\u2010inducing capacity correlated with interstitial lung disease, while MX\u20101 expression in the capillaries correlated with DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune complexes containing anti\u2013Jo\u20101 or anti\u2013Ro 52\/anti\u2013Ro 60 autoantibodies and RNA may act as endogenous IFN\u03b1 inducers that activate IFN\u03b1 production in PDCs. These PDCs could be of importance for inducing myositis, whereas in DM patients without autoantibodies the presence of MX\u20101 protein in capillaries suggests another cellular IFN\u03b1 source and induction mechanism. Consequently, the type I IFN system may be of importance in both PM and DM, but via different pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,30]],"date-time":"2007-08-30T19:16:43Z","timestamp":1188501403000},"page":"3112-3124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["A possible mechanism for endogenous activation of the type I interferon system in myositis patients with anti\u2013Jo\u20101 or anti\u2013Ro 52\/anti\u2013Ro 60 autoantibodies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Maija\u2010Leena","family":"Eloranta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevim","family":"Barbasso Helmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann\u2010Kristin","family":"Ulfgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"R\u00f6nnblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar V.","family":"Alm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid E.","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-9-199505010-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.2.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199111000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"450","article-title":"Localization of interferons and interleukin 2 in polymyositis and muscular dystrophy","volume":"63","author":"Isenberg DA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.16.9209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.61.5.567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.12.4241","article-title":"Regulation of MHC expression in vivo. 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