{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:11:11Z","timestamp":1790863871407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,29]],"date-time":"2007-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage damage, synovial fibrosis, and osteophyte formation. Both transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP\u20102) can induce the formation of osteophytes during OA, but their specific role in this process is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the respective contributions of TGF\u03b2 and BMP\u20102 to OA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mouse knee joints injected with adenovirus (Ad\u2010TGF\u03b2 or Ad\u2010BMP\u20102) were compared histologically with knee joints from murine models of OA (joints injected with collagenase and joints from STR\/Ort mice with spontaneous OA). To further investigate the role of BMP during osteophyte formation, adenovirus Ad\u2010Gremlin was injected into knee joints that had previously been injected with Ad\u2010TGF\u03b2 or collagenase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BMP\u20102 induced early osteophytes, which bulged from the growth plates on the femur and grew on top of the patella, whereas TGF\u03b2 induced early osteophyte formation on the bone shaft beneath the collateral ligament on the femur as well as on top of the patella. The pattern of osteophyte formation during experimental OA closely resembled that of TGF\u03b2\u2010induced osteophyte formation, but differed from the pattern induced by BMP\u20102. Ad\u2010Gremlin proved to be able to totally block BMP\u20102\u2013induced osteophyte formation. However, blocking BMP activity inhibited neither TGF\u03b2\u2010induced nor experimental OA\u2013associated osteophyte formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings demonstrate that the role of BMP during the onset of TGF\u03b2\u2010induced and experimental OA\u2013induced osteophyte formation is limited. The latter finding does not rule out a role of BMP during osteophyte maturation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,29]],"date-time":"2007-11-29T17:18:12Z","timestamp":1196356692000},"page":"4065-4073","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Resemblance of osteophytes in experimental osteoarthritis to transforming growth factor \u03b2\u2013induced osteophytes: Limited role of bone morphogenetic protein in early osteoarthritic osteophyte formation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"E. N. Blaney","family":"Davidson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. L.","family":"Vitters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. M.","family":"van Beuningen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. A. J.","family":"van de Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. B.","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. M.","family":"van der Kraan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2000.0368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"279","article-title":"Transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 stimulates articular chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis and induces osteophyte formation in the murine knee joint","volume":"71","author":"Van Beuningen HM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1998.0129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1999.0267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2003.07109003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190500252763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305312200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.045971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.1.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200101)44:1<85::AID-ANR12>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00080-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/42.6.8189035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2003.00158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1833"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1931"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"Stimulation of articular cartilage repair in established arthritis by local administration of transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 into murine knee joints","volume":"78","author":"Glansbeek HL","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.9.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.3.185"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.23034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.23034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T18:22:01Z","timestamp":1692555721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.23034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,29]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.23034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.23034","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,29]]}}}