{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:21:40Z","timestamp":1791814900511,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]],"date-time":"2008-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether central nervous system (CNS) stimulants used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with the development of Raynaud's syndrome (RS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control design was used for this study. All patients seen in a pediatric rheumatology practice during a 5\u2010year period who had signs and symptoms of RS and met diagnostic criteria for RS as determined by pulse volume recording were studied as cases. Controls were randomly selected patients at the same clinic who did not have signs or symptoms of RS. They were matched to the cases for age, sex, and time of presentation. We tested for associations between various CNS medications and presence of RS. We also evaluated differences in laboratory test results between RS cases and matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010four patients were enrolled in the study (32 cases with RS [23 female, 9 male] and 32 control patients). McNemar's test showed a significant association between the presence of RS and past or current use of ADHD stimulants (methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine) (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 5.00, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). The use of other CNS medications was not found to be significantly associated with RS (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 1.33, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.25 by McNemar's test). C\u2010reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were significantly higher in controls than in cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study indicate that there is a significant association between development of RS and therapy with CNS stimulants used for the treatment of ADHD. Although this was a small study, these findings provide preliminary evidence of an adverse effect of CNS stimulant medications in patients seen in rheumatology practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]],"date-time":"2008-01-31T19:49:23Z","timestamp":1201808963000},"page":"563-566","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Association between treatment with central nervous system stimulants and Raynaud's syndrome in children: A retrospective case\u2013control study of rheumatology patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Goldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Seltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Reuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"599","article-title":"The role of \u03b1 adrenoceptor subtypes in sympathetic control of the acral cutaneous microcirculation","volume":"256","author":"Willette RN","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Generini S","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Ital Med Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"White blood cell rheology: an intravital study in man","volume":"7","author":"Bagge U","year":"1977","journal-title":"Adv Microcirc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.1987.avs0050038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0800325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.5.1158"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a life\u2010span perspective","volume":"59","author":"Biederman J","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","volume-title":"Attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults","author":"Wender PH","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"756","volume-title":"Primary pediatric care","author":"Miller KJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903113401007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.6.1101","article-title":"Placebo\u2010controlled evaluation of Ritalin side effects","volume":"91","author":"Ahmann PA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.36.5.724"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80555-6"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.23301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.23301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T22:39:45Z","timestamp":1696977585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.23301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.23301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.23301","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]]}}}