{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:13:23Z","timestamp":1790115203016,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]],"date-time":"2008-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insulin resistance is increased by inflammation, but the mechanisms are unclear. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that decreased insulin sensitivity is differentially associated with mediators of inflammation by studying 2 chronic inflammatory diseases of different pathogenesis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured fasting insulin, glucose, and lipid levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), and coronary artery calcification in 103 patients with SLE and in 124 patients with RA. Insulin sensitivity was measured using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HOMA value was higher in RA patients (median 2.05 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.05\u20133.54]) than in SLE patients (1.40 [0.78\u20132.59]) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). CRP and ESR did not differ significantly in RA and SLE patients. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly correlated with the HOMA index in both RA (\u03c1 = 0.20) and SLE (\u03c1 = 0.54), independently of age, sex, race, and current use of corticosteroids. In RA patients, the HOMA index was also significantly positively correlated with IL\u20106 (\u03c1 = 0.63), TNF\u03b1 (\u03c1 = 0.50), CRP (\u03c1 = 0.29), ESR (\u03c1 = 0.26), coronary calcification (\u03c1 = 0.26), and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (\u03c1 = 0.21); associations adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, and current use of corticosteroids remained significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In SLE patients, the HOMA index was also significantly correlated with ESR (\u03c1 = 0.35) and CRP (\u03c1 = 0.25), but not with other variables. The association between the ESR and the HOMA value in patients with SLE remained significant after adjustment for confounding covariates (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008). In multivariable models, the major contributing factors to the HOMA index were the BMI in SLE patients, and IL\u20106 and TNF\u03b1 levels in RA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of insulin resistance and its contribution to atherogenesis varies in different inflammatory settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]],"date-time":"2008-06-24T13:08:19Z","timestamp":1214312899000},"page":"2105-2112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Inflammation\u2010associated insulin resistance: Differential effects in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus define potential mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Cecilia P.","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Oeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Solus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tebeb","family":"Gebretsadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Shintani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Avalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuulikki","family":"Sokka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Raggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Pincus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Michael","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.054973"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Inflammation, insulin resistance, and aberrant lipid metabolism as cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"30","author":"Dessein PH","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"50","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein in women with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"33","author":"El Magadmi M","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.7.1177"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.08.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar597"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmr.5610040105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7678183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21400"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203306071870"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","first-page":"539","article-title":"Increased concentration of proatherogenic inflammatory cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"33","author":"Asanuma Y","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","first-page":"1974","article-title":"How to apply Larsen score in evaluating radiographs of rheumatoid arthritis in long\u2010term studies","volume":"22","author":"Larsen A","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000138740.84883.9C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90282-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3462-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance","volume":"17","author":"Bastard JP","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802502"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000091406.72832.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","first-page":"E457","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor mimics the metabolic response to acute infection in healthy humans","volume":"261","author":"Van der Poll T","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R600021-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.026534"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1447-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2004.00463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01208a.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Anti\u2010tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 blockade improves insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Gonzalez\u2010Gay MA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.149.5.1098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","first-page":"2425","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Dessein PH","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(87)90129-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:3<443::AID-ANR8>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00720-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hq1201.100257"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.23600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.23600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T23:00:24Z","timestamp":1696978824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.23600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.23600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.23600","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]}}}