{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T18:27:50Z","timestamp":1776882470776,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]],"date-time":"2008-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) and basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals occur in up to 60% of osteoarthritic joints and predict an increased severity of arthritis. Articular cartilage vesicles (ACVs) generate CPPD crystals in the presence of ATP and BCP crystals with added \u03b2\u2010glycerophosphate. While ACVs are present in normal articular cartilage, they mineralize primarily in cartilage from osteoarthritic joints. The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that ACV mineralization is regulated by components of the surrounding extracellular matrix.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Porcine ACVs were embedded in agarose gels containing type II and\/or type I collagen and\/or proteoglycans. Mineralization was measured as <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca accumulation stimulated by ATP or \u03b2\u2010glycerophosphate and reflects both nucleation and growth. Synthetic CPPD and BCP crystals were embedded in similar gels to isolate the effect of matrix components on crystal growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After establishing baseline responsiveness of ACVs to ATP and \u03b2\u2010glycerophosphate in agarose gels, we examined the ability of ATP and \u03b2\u2010glycerophosphate to stimulate mineral formation in gels containing various matrix components. Type II collagen suppressed the ability of ATP to stimulate mineralization, while a combination of type II plus type I collagen increased the effect of ATP and \u03b2\u2010glycerophosphate on mineralization. Type I collagen affected ACV mineralization in a dose\u2010responsive manner. Neither type of collagen significantly affected crystal growth or levels of mineralization\u2010regulating enzymes. Proteoglycans suppressed mineral formation by ACVs in gels containing both type I and type II collagen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cartilage matrix changes that occur with osteoarthritis, such as increased quantities of type I collagen and reduced proteoglycan levels, may promote ACV mineralization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]],"date-time":"2008-08-29T20:46:07Z","timestamp":1220042767000},"page":"2809-2817","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Promotion of articular cartilage matrix vesicle mineralization by type I 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