{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:54:50Z","timestamp":1791258890513,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]],"date-time":"2008-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1227657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fever of unknown origin (FUO) in children presents a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis includes systemic\u2010onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), an autoinflammatory syndrome associated with activation of phagocytic cells that, at presentation, is difficult to differentiate from severe systemic infections. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of the phagocytic proinflammatory protein S100A12 may help in deciding whether to treat patients with FUO with antibiotics or immunosuppressive agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum samples were obtained from 45 healthy control subjects and from 240 patients (60 with systemic\u2010onset JIA, 17 with familial Mediterranean fever [FMF], 18 with neonatal\u2010onset multisystem inflammatory disease [NOMID], 17 with Muckle\u2010Wells syndrome [MWS], 40 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], 5 with acute myeloblastic leukemia [AML], and 83 with systemic infections). All samples were collected at the time of presentation, before the initiation of any treatment, and concentrations of S100A12 were determined by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean \u00b1 95% confidence interval serum levels of S100A12 were as follows: in patients with JIA, 7,190 \u00b1 2,690 ng\/ml; in patients with FMF, 6,720 \u00b1 4,960 ng\/ml; in patients with NOMID, 720 \u00b1 450 ng\/ml; in patients with MWS, 150 \u00b1 60 ng\/ml; in patients with infections, 470 \u00b1 160 ng\/ml; in patients with ALL, 130 \u00b1 80 ng\/ml; in patients with AML, 45 \u00b1 60 ng\/ml; in healthy control subjects, 50 \u00b1 10 ng\/ml. The sensitivity and specificity of S100A12 to distinguish between systemic\u2010onset JIA and infections were 66% and 94%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>S100A12, a marker of granulocyte activation, is highly overexpressed in patients with systemic\u2010onset JIA or FMF, which may point to as\u2010yet unknown common inflammatory mechanisms in these diseases. The measurement of S100A12 serum levels may provide a valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of FUO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T11:46:59Z","timestamp":1227959219000},"page":"3924-3931","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["S100A12 is a novel molecular marker differentiating systemic\u2010onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis from other causes of fever of unknown 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