{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:21:10Z","timestamp":1787620870457,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,29]],"date-time":"2009-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> genotypes have been isolated from erythema migrans (EM) skin lesions in patients with Lyme disease. OspC type K strains, which are 16S\u201323S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer type 2 (RST2) strains, are most commonly recovered, but a higher percentage of OspC type A strains (RST1), the next most commonly recovered type, is detectable in blood. The goal of this study was to determine the <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> genotypes in the joints of patients with Lyme arthritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Joint fluid samples from 124 patients seen over a 30\u2010year period were analyzed for OspC types by semi\u2010nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, and for RSTs by nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. These results were correlated with clinical outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>OspC and RST genotypes were identified in 49 of the 124 joint fluid samples (40%). In these 49 samples, OspC type K strains (RST2) were identified in 21 samples (43%), OspC type A strains (RST1) were identified in 11 samples (22%), and 8 other OspC types and all 3 RSTs were identified among the remaining 17 samples (35%). However, among the 17 patients who had been treated with antibiotics according to current guidelines, all 7 patients who were infected with RST1 strains had antibiotic\u2010refractory arthritis, compared with 4 of 6 patients infected with RST2 strains and only 1 of 4 infected with RST3 strains (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> genotypes, particularly OspC type K (RST2), were identified in the joint fluid of patients with Lyme arthritis, and the genotype frequencies found in joints reflected those in EM skin lesions. However, RST1 strains were most frequent in patients with antibiotic\u2010refractory arthritis. Our results help to further the understanding of the differential pathogenicity of strains of <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,29]],"date-time":"2009-06-29T15:05:41Z","timestamp":1246287941000},"page":"2174-2182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Analysis of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i> genotypes in patients with lyme arthritis: High frequency of ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer type 1 strains in antibiotic\u2010refractory arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail A.","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Glickstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen C.","family":"Steere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-5-725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3518-3524.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/151.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314922"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.565-569.1999","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme disease patients as determined by culture versus direct PCR with clinical specimens","volume":"37","author":"Liveris D","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4303-4312.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/343043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5059-5065.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26944-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5262-5266.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6791-6802.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1879-1884.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01077-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00479-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","first-page":"590","article-title":"Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease","volume":"44","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1995","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198504043121401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Treatment of late Lyme borreliosis: randomized comparison of ceftriaxone and penicillin","author":"Dattwyler RJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj157"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg526"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-6-798"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.4.905"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199401273300401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid\/1407.070880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3389-3397.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.8.3352-3360.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.1.285-292.1997","article-title":"Arthritis severity and spirochete burden are determined by serotype in the Borrelia turicatae\u2010mouse model of Lyme disease","volume":"65","author":"Pennington PM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4637-4645.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2705::AID-ANR29>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2004.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199909)42:9<1813::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5377.703"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.11.010"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.24812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.24812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T06:38:47Z","timestamp":1698734327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.24812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,29]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.24812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24812","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,29]]}}}