{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:27:54Z","timestamp":1791052074313,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 was recently implicated as an important mediator of communication between the peripheral and cerebral immune systems in an animal model of chronic inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS) the influence of inflammation on cerebral metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010voxel <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS of the centrum semiovale was performed on 35 RA patients (6 men and 29 women; mean \u00b1 SD age 51.8 \u00b1 14.6 years) and 28 healthy age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched control subjects (9 men and 19 women; mean \u00b1 SD age 50.2 \u00b1 10.4 years). None of the study subjects had any neurologic signs or symptoms. Clinical markers of disease activity were correlated with the <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with active RA, as reflected by an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), had a significantly higher ratio of choline to creatine and a significantly lower ratio of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylaspartate to choline than did patients with inactive RA, as reflected by a normal ESR. Moreover, the ratios of choline to creatine and NAA to choline were significantly correlated with the ESR after correction for age, sex, smoking status, handedness, alcohol consumption, medication use, and disease duration. Medication use had no additional effect on these associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data show that systemic inflammation in RA is associated with metabolic changes in the brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T21:16:37Z","timestamp":1256850997000},"page":"3190-3195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Brain involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Emmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Egon","family":"van der Bijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom W. J.","family":"Huizinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand C.","family":"Breedveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan C. A.","family":"Steens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerlof P.","family":"Th. Bosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"van Buchem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"van der Grond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"2115","article-title":"Fatigue, rheumatoid arthritis, and anti\u2010tumor necrosis factor therapy: an investigation in 24,831 patients","volume":"31","author":"Wolfe F","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103223441207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3567-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706400"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afi219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000098877.07653.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910290605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"2475","article-title":"The effect of corticosteroid medication on quantitative MR parameters of the brain","volume":"26","author":"Steens SC","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"301","article-title":"Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients treated with TNF\u2010\u03b1 blocking agents","volume":"25","author":"Van der Bijl AE","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5544.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/berh.2000.0126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-911X(200007)35:1<28::AID-MPO5>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02697-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(96)00342-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"1619","article-title":"Inflammatory CNS demyelination: histopathologic correlation with in vivo quantitative proton MR spectroscopy","volume":"20","author":"Bitsch A","year":"1999","journal-title":"ANJR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2341031895"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1052-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Relationship between neurometabolite derangement and neurocognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"26","author":"Brooks WM","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Neurometabolism of active neuropsychiatric lupus determined with proton MR spectroscopy","volume":"18","author":"Sibbitt WL","year":"1997","journal-title":"ANJR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.2.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.026773"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.01300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200302100-00013"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.24932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.24932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T05:43:41Z","timestamp":1697003021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.24932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.24932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24932","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]]}}}