{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:36:37Z","timestamp":1791351397168,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,30]],"date-time":"2009-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>B\u20101 cells have long been suggested to play an important role in lupus. However, reports to date have been controversial regarding their pathogenic or protective roles in different animal models. We undertook this study to investigate a novel subpopulation of B\u20101 cells and its roles in murine lupus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lymphocyte phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. Autoantibody secretion was analyzed by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, autoantigen proteome array, and antinuclear antibody assay. Cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation and 5,6\u2010carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dilution. B cell Ig isotype switching was measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunospot assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2013double\u2010stranded DNA (anti\u2010dsDNA) autoantibodies were preferentially secreted by a subpopulation of CD5+ B\u20101 cells that expressed programmed death ligand 2 (termed L2pB1 cells). A substantial proportion of hybridoma clones generated from L2pB1 cells reacted to dsDNA. Moreover, these clones were highly cross\u2010reactive with other lupus\u2010related autoantigens. L2pB1 cells were potent antigen\u2010presenting cells and promoted Th17 cell differentiation in vitro. A dramatic increase of circulating L2pB1 cells in lupus\u2010prone BXSB mice was correlated with elevated serum titers of anti\u2010dsDNA antibodies. A significant number of L2pB1 cells preferentially switched to IgG1 and IgG2b when stimulated with interleukin\u201021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings identify a novel subpopulation of B\u20101 cells that is enriched for autoreactive specificities, undergoes isotype switch, manifests enhanced antigen presentation, promotes Th17 cell differentiation, and is preferentially associated with the development of lupus in a murine model. Together, these findings suggest that L2pB1 cells have the potential to initiate autoimmunity through serologic and T cell\u2013mediated mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,30]],"date-time":"2009-11-30T18:13:25Z","timestamp":1259604805000},"page":"3734-3743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["A novel subpopulation of B\u20101 cells is enriched with autoreactivity in normal and lupus\u2010prone mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Degauque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichol E.","family":"Holodick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Steven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Tumang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenda","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas 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