{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T09:28:00Z","timestamp":1772616480849,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,30]],"date-time":"2009-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the atherosclerotic risk factors in the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with juvenile\u2010onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a longitudinal study of 76 patients with juvenile\u2010onset SLE. Carotid arteries were evaluated using ultrasonography at baseline and at followup visits at 6\u2010month intervals over the 6\u2010year study period. Clinical and laboratory parameters, disease activity, treatment, and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were evaluated. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean \u00b1 SD age of the patients at baseline was 15.01 \u00b1 3.48 years and the mean \u00b1 SD disease duration was 2.65 \u00b1 2.5 years. The mean \u00b1 SD duration of followup was 3.74 \u00b1 1.24 years. The mean \u00b1 SD intima\u2010media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries differed significantly between the patient and control (n = 38) groups (0.63 \u00b1 0.08 mm versus 0.54 \u00b1 0.06 mm; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The presence of lymphopenia at diagnosis and at baseline and higher levels of serum creatinine and C\u2010reactive protein at baseline were positively associated with progression of carotid IMT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.043, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.037, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only lymphopenia at baseline and at diagnosis were consistently associated with progression of IMT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.012 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.045, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with juvenile\u2010onset SLE, some nontraditional risk factors for the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis were identified. Lymphopenia was the only independent risk factor for the progression of IMT. The pathogenic mechanisms warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,30]],"date-time":"2009-11-30T18:13:25Z","timestamp":1259604805000},"page":"3766-3775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Lymphopenia is a risk factor in the progression of carotid intima\u2010media thickness in juvenile\u2010onset systemic lupus 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