{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:52:46Z","timestamp":1791114766604,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,22]],"date-time":"2010-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the expression of Toll\u2010like receptor 3 (TLR\u20103) and TLR\u20107 in muscle tissue from patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) and to investigate the function and regulation of TLR\u20103 in cultured muscle cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of TLR\u20103, TLR\u20107, HLA class I, and CD56, a marker of immature myoblast precursors, was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. TLR\u20103 regulation and signaling were assessed in myoblasts and in differentiated myotubes with the TLR\u20103 agonist poly(I\u2010C), necrotic myoblasts, and Th1 and Th17 cytokines, in the presence or absence of neutralizing anti\u2013TLR\u20103 antibody. Levels of TLR\u20103 messenger RNA (mRNA) were quantified by reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction. Levels of interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), CCL20, and IL\u20108 were determined by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TLR\u20103 and TLR\u20107 were expressed in PM\/DM tissues, but not in noninflammatory muscle tissues, and were primarily detected in inflammatory infiltrates, although a few muscle cells were also positive. These TLR\u20103\u2013 and TLR\u20107\u2013positive fibers expressed high levels of CD56 and HLA class I antigens. A synergy between poly(I\u2010C) and IL\u201017 was observed for the production of IL\u20106 and CCL20. Similarly, stimulation with necrotic myoblasts increased IL\u20106 production, and stimulation with necrotic myoblasts in combination with IL\u201017 further increased the induction of IL\u20106. TLR\u20103 blockade decreased the inducing effect of necrotic myoblasts and IL\u201017 on IL\u20106 production. Stimulation with interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u03b3) increased TLR\u20103 mRNA levels, but IL\u201017 down\u2010regulated the inducing effect of IFN\u03b3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that TLR\u20103 and TLR\u20107 are expressed in inflammatory myopathic tissues, particularly in immature myoblast precursors. Necrotic muscle cells activate cytokine production, in part, through the TLR\u20103 pathway, with a differential regulatory effect of Th1 and Th17 cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,22]],"date-time":"2010-03-22T19:37:50Z","timestamp":1269286670000},"page":"2144-2151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Expression of toll\u2010like receptor 3 and toll\u2010like receptor 7 in muscle is characteristic of inflammatory myopathy and is differentially regulated by Th1 and Th17 cytokines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Tournadre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Lenief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Miossec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14368-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00032-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/416603a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004100820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000223129.79759.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10322"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.16.9209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00664.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4342fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2004.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0890431"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(91)90045-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.409","article-title":"Enhancing effect of IL\u201017 on IL\u20101\u2010induced IL\u20106 and leukemia inhibitory factor production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes and its regulation by Th2 cytokines","volume":"161","author":"Chabaud M","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04753"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.27465","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.27465","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T22:30:22Z","timestamp":1697063422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.27465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.27465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.27465","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]}}}