{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T05:40:46Z","timestamp":1793166046154,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate levels of biomarkers in preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to use elevated biomarkers to develop a model for the prediction of time to future diagnosis of seropositive RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stored samples obtained from 73 military cases with seropositive RA prior to RA diagnosis and from controls (mean 2.9 samples per case; samples collected a mean of 6.6 years prior to diagnosis) were tested for rheumatoid factor (RF) isotypes, anti\u2013cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti\u2010CCP) antibodies, 14 cytokines and chemokines (by bead\u2010based assay), and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Preclinical positivity for anti\u2010CCP and\/or \u22652 RF isotypes was &gt;96% specific for future RA. In preclinical RA, levels of the following were positive in a significantly greater proportion of RA cases versus controls: interleukin\u20101\u03b1 (IL\u20101\u03b1), IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, IL\u201012p40, IL\u201012p70, IL\u201015, fibroblast growth factor 2, flt\u20103 ligand, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, interferon\u2010\u03b3\u2013inducible 10\u2010kd protein, granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor, and CRP. Also, increasing numbers of elevated cytokines\/chemokines were present in cases nearer to the time of diagnosis. RA patients who were \u226540 years old at diagnosis had a higher proportion of samples positive for cytokines\/chemokines 5\u201310 years prior to diagnosis than did patients who were &lt;40 years old at diagnosis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). In regression modeling using only case samples positive for autoantibodies highly specific for future RA, increasing numbers of cytokines\/chemokines were predictive of decreased time to diagnosis, and the predicted time to diagnosis based on cytokines\/chemokines was longer in older compared with younger cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levels of autoantibodies, cytokines\/chemokines, and CRP are elevated in the preclinical period of RA development. In preclinical autoantibody\u2010positive cases, the number of elevated cytokines\/chemokines is predictive of the time of diagnosis of future RA in an age\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]],"date-time":"2010-07-06T15:35:01Z","timestamp":1278430501000},"page":"3161-3172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":236,"title":["The number of elevated cytokines and chemokines in preclinical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis predicts time to diagnosis in an age\u2010dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Deane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin I.","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Hueber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcy S.","family":"Majka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann A.","family":"Lazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lezlie A.","family":"Derber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Gilliland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess D.","family":"Edison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill M.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. 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