{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:27:20Z","timestamp":1792686440624,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,30]],"date-time":"2010-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008368","name":"Danish Rheumatism Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["233-463-14.10.05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["233-463-14.10.05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008392","name":"Danish Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["271-06-0311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["271-06-0311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is characterized by aching of the proximal muscles and increased blood levels of markers of inflammation. Despite the muscle complaints, the current view is that symptoms are caused by inflammation in synovial structures. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the disease mechanisms in symptomatic muscles by measuring interstitial levels of cytokines before and after prednisolone treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty glucocorticoid\u2010naive patients newly diagnosed as having PMR and 20 control subjects were studied before and after 14 days of prednisolone therapy (20 mg\/day). Interstitial concentrations of interleukin\u20101\u03b1\/\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b1\/\u03b2), IL\u20101 receptor antagonist, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were measured in symptomatic vastus lateralis and trapezius muscles using the microdialysis technique. Plasma levels were measured simultaneously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prednisolone abolished symptoms in all of the PMR patients within 1\u20132 days; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C\u2010reactive protein levels were normalized on day 14. In both muscles, interstitial concentrations of all cytokines were markedly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in the PMR patients than in the controls before treatment. In both patients and controls, interstitial levels of most cytokines were higher than plasma levels, with the exception of IL\u20101\u03b1 and TNF\u03b1, which were lower in both groups. In the PMR patients, interstitial concentrations were normalized after prednisolone treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study introduces a novel view of PMR, indicating that increased interstitial levels of inflammatory cytokines in symptomatic muscles play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease and that cytokines may be released locally. To explore the disease specificity, similar studies in other primary inflammatory conditions are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,2]],"date-time":"2010-09-02T09:32:35Z","timestamp":1283419955000},"page":"3768-3775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Increased muscle interstitial levels of inflammatory cytokines in polymyalgia 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