{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:21:27Z","timestamp":1791973287280,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,28]],"date-time":"2010-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the frequency and character of arthropathy in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and to investigate the relationship between this arthropathy, nodal interphalangeal osteoarthritis, and iron load.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were recruited from the community by newspaper advertisement and assigned to diagnostic confidence categories for HH (definite\/probable or possible\/unlikely). Arthropathy was determined by use of a predetermined clinical protocol, radiographs of the hands of all participants, and radiographs of other joints in which clinical criteria were met.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An arthropathy considered typical for HH, involving metacarpophalangeal joints 2\u20135 and bilateral specified large joints, was observed in 10 of 41 patients with definite or probable HH (24%), all of whom were homozygous for the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene, while only 2 of 62 patients with possible\/unlikely HH had such an arthropathy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0024). Arthropathy in definite\/probable HH was more common with increasing age and was associated with ferritin concentrations &gt;1,000 \u03bcg\/liter at the time of diagnosis (odds ratio 14.0 [95% confidence interval 1.30\u2013150.89], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). A trend toward more episodes requiring phlebotomy was also observed among those with arthropathy, but this was not statistically significant (odds ratio 1.03 [95% confidence interval 0.99\u20131.06], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.097). There was no significant association between arthropathy in definite\/probable HH and a history of intensive physical labor (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.12).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>An arthropathy consistent with that commonly attributed to HH was found to occur in 24% of patients with definite\/probable HH. The association observed between this arthropathy, homozygosity for C282Y, and serum ferritin concentrations at the time of diagnosis suggests that iron load is likely to be a major determinant of arthropathy in HH and to be more important than occupational factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]],"date-time":"2010-10-15T18:46:17Z","timestamp":1287168377000},"page":"286-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Hereditary hemochromatosis is characterized by a clinically definable arthropathy that correlates with iron load"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"G. J.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. H.","family":"Breidahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. K.","family":"Bulsara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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