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In 9 patients in whom GCA was recently diagnosed, circulating levels of interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), IL\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u20107, IL\u20108, IL\u201010, IL\u201012p70, CCL2\/monocyte chemotactic protein 1, CCL3\/macrophage inflammatory protein 1\u03b1 (MIP\u20101\u03b1), CCL4\/MIP\u20101\u03b2, CCL11\/eotaxin, CXCL9\/monokine induced by interferon\u2010\u03b3, CXCL10\/interferon\u2010\u03b3\u2013inducible 10\u2010kd protein, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), interferon\u2010\u03b3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor, and FasL were measured via a multiplexed cytometric assay. PTX3 and VEGF concentrations were assessed by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. PTX3 and CD68 expression were determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence on temporal artery samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GCA patients with very recent optic nerve ischemia had significantly higher PTX3 and VEGF levels compared to other GCA patients and controls. GCA patients with a disease duration of &lt;6 months had significantly higher PTX3 levels compared to other GCA patients and controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed selective PTX3 expression in the wall of inflamed arteries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that local expression of PTX3 is a feature of vascular inflammation in GCA; elevated circulating levels of PTX3 identify patients with very recent optic nerve ischemia or a recent diagnosis. Optic nerve ischemia is also associated with increased circulating VEGF levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,11]],"date-time":"2011-10-11T16:32:44Z","timestamp":1318350764000},"page":"854-865","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Selective up\u2010regulation of the soluble pattern\u2010recognition receptor pentraxin 3 and of vascular endothelial growth factor in giant cell arteritis: Relevance for recent optic nerve ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Mattia","family":"Baldini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Maugeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe 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