{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T23:41:04Z","timestamp":1792885264909,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess prospectively the rates and to explore predictors of spinal radiographic progression over 2 years in a cohort of patients with early axial spondylarthritis (SpA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred ten patients with axial SpA from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort were selected for this analysis based on the availability of radiographs at baseline and after 2 years of followup. Spinal radiographs were scored by 2 trained readers in a blinded, randomly selected order according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). Spinal radiographic progression was defined as worsening of the mean mSASSS by \u22652 units over 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the patients with axial SpA, 14.3% showed spinal radiographic progression after 2 years (20% of those with AS and 7.4% of those with nonradiographic axial SpA). The following parameters were independently associated with spinal radiographic progression: presence of syndesmophytes at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 6.29,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), elevated levels of markers of systemic inflammation (for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, OR 4.04,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001; for C\u2010reactive protein level time\u2010averaged over 2 years, OR 3.81,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), and cigarette smoking (OR 2.75,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012). These associations were confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. No clear association with spinal radiographic progression was observed for HLA\u2013B27 status, sex, age, disease duration, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, presence of peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, psoriasis, treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or treatment with disease\u2010modifying antirheumatic drugs at baseline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of radiographic damage at baseline (syndesmophytes), elevated levels of acute\u2010phase reactants, and cigarette smoking were all independently associated with spinal radiographic progression in patients with early axial SpA.<\/jats:p>\n                  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