{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:46:51Z","timestamp":1791269211902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,25]],"date-time":"2012-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expansion of autoreactive CD4+CD28<jats:sup>null<\/jats:sup> T cells is associated with extraarticular disease manifestations, including rheumatoid vasculitis, and it has recently been demonstrated that expansion of these T cells is associated with anticytomegalovirus (anti\u2010CMV) seropositivity. This study was undertaken to investigate a possible link between latent CMV infection and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a retrospective analysis, anti\u2010CMV antibodies and clinical, serologic, and radiologic parameters of joint destruction were examined in 202 RA patients and 272 healthy controls. In addition, frequencies of CD4+CD28<jats:sup>null<\/jats:sup> T cells; concentrations of the cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP\u20101), interferon\u2010\u03b1 (IFN\u03b1), and IFN\u2010inducible protein 10; and anti\u2010CMV\u2013specific T cell responses were analyzed in RA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, no significant difference in the frequency of anti\u2010CMV seropositivity between RA patients and healthy controls was observed. Among individuals older than age 55 years, however, anti\u2010CMV IgG antibodies were significantly more frequent in RA patients than controls (65.3% and 54.7%, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05). Anti\u2010CMV seropositivity in RA patients was associated with an increased frequency of CD4+CD28<jats:sup>null<\/jats:sup> T cells and increased serum concentrations of MCP\u20101. The frequency of anti\u2010CMV\u2013specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN\u03b3 was increased in RA patients compared to controls. Most importantly, anti\u2010CMV\u2013seropositive RA patients showed radiographic evidence of more advanced joint destruction and had increased frequencies of joint\u2010related surgical procedures, indicating more severe joint disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that latent CMV infection aggravates the clinical course of RA and is associated with increased frequencies of CD4+CD28<jats:sup>null<\/jats:sup> T cells and of CMV\u2010specific IFN\u03b3\u2010secreting CD4+ T cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,19]],"date-time":"2011-12-19T15:58:27Z","timestamp":1324310307000},"page":"1740-1749","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Association of anticytomegalovirus seropositivity with more severe joint destruction and more frequent joint surgery in rheumatoid 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