{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:57:28Z","timestamp":1790647048453,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,25]],"date-time":"2013-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify macrophage\u2010independent sources of transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u03b21) production during monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal\u2013induced inflammation and to determine how TGF\u03b21 alters MSU crystal\u2013recruited neutrophil functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>C57BL\/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with MSU crystals with or without TGF\u03b21\u2010neutralizing antibody. MSU crystal\u2013recruited peritoneal and blood neutrophils were purified and cultured ex vivo. Peritoneal neutrophils were treated with the caspase inhibitor Q\u2010VD\u2010OPh, anti\u2010TGF\u03b21 antibody, or fluorochrome\u2010labeled apoptotic neutrophils. Neutrophils were analyzed for expression of annexin V, caspase 3, and TGF\u03b21 by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy, for superoxide production using the redox\u2010sensitive dye water\u2010soluble tetrazolium 1, and for TGF\u03b21 and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2) production by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen hours after MSU crystal administration in vivo, TGF\u03b21 levels were elevated in peritoneal lavage fluids, and a significant number of peritoneal neutrophils were TGF\u03b21+. Purified blood or peritoneal neutrophils cultured ex vivo showed TGF\u03b21+ neutrophils coexpressing the apoptosis marker caspase 3 and increased TGF\u03b21 production, both of which dropped following inhibition of apoptosis. Live neutrophils that had phagocytosed apoptotic neutrophils showed greatest TGF\u03b21 expression. Superoxide production by purified MSU crystal\u2013recruited neutrophils ex vivo was enhanced by anti\u2010TGF\u03b21 antibody treatment. Neutrophils purified from the peritoneum of MSU crystal\u2013challenged mice treated with anti\u2010TGF\u03b21 antibody produced elevated levels of superoxide, but neutrophil IL\u20101\u03b2 production was unaffected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neutrophil cannibalism and TGF\u03b21 production have the potential to make a significant contribution to the controlled resolution of neutrophil\u2010driven inflammatory diseases such as gout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]],"date-time":"2012-12-28T17:04:30Z","timestamp":1356714270000},"page":"815-823","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Neutrophil cannibalism triggers transforming growth factor \u03b21 production and self regulation of neutrophil inflammatory function in monosodium urate monohydrate crystal\u2013induced inflammation in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Steiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquie L.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4827(02)00010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000057843.47705.E8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390718"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113970"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00156-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.145821"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.8.2012.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015768"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.67.5.712"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.2.674"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900564"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242399"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0211638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.5.3575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141921"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200940168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-007948"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.37822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.37822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T05:31:47Z","timestamp":1697607107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.37822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,25]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.37822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.37822","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,25]]}}}