{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:15:50Z","timestamp":1791288950522,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,28]],"date-time":"2013-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 3 large population\u2010representative samples and to test if familial aggregation is affected by rheumatoid factor (RF)\/anti\u2013citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) status, type of relative, sex, and age at onset of RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A register\u2010based nested case\u2013control study was performed in the Swedish total population. Data on patients with RA were ascertained through the nationwide Swedish Patient Register (n = 88,639), the clinical Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (n = 11,519), and the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis case\u2013control study (n = 2,871). Data on first\u2010 and second\u2010degree relatives were obtained through the Swedish Multigeneration Register. Familial risks were calculated using conditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consistent across data sources, the familial odds ratio for RA was \u223c3 in first\u2010degree relatives of RA patients and 2 in second\u2010degree relatives. Familial risks were similar among siblings, parents, and offspring. Familial aggregation was not modified by sex, but was higher in RA patients with early\u2010onset disease and in RF\/ACPA\u2010positive RA patients. The observed familial risks were consistent with a heritability of \u223c50% for ACPA\u2010positive RA and \u223c20% for ACPA\u2010negative RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pattern of risks suggests that familial factors influence RA in men and women equally and that these factors are of less importance for late\u2010onset RA. Familial factors are more important for seropositive RA, but there is significant familial overlap between seropositive RA and seronegative RA. Even if the familial risk is assumed to be completely due to genetics, the observed risks suggest that heritability of RA is lower than previously reported, in particular for ACPA\u2010negative RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]],"date-time":"2013-07-29T14:47:40Z","timestamp":1375109260000},"page":"2773-2782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["Familial Risks and Heritability of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role of Rheumatoid Factor\/Anti\u2013Citrullinated Protein Antibody Status, Number and Type of Affected Relatives, Sex, and Age"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Frisell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Holmqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet Solna 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