{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:13:09Z","timestamp":1787879589609,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,28]],"date-time":"2013-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the frequency and characteristics of headaches and their association with global disease activity and health\u2010related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A disease inception cohort was assessed annually for headache (5 types) and 18 other neuropsychiatric (NP) events. Global disease activity scores (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 [SLEDAI\u20102K]), damage scores (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics\/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI]), and Short Form 36 (SF\u201036) mental and physical component summary scores were collected. Time to first headache and associations with SF\u201036 scores were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards and linear regression models with generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 1,732 SLE patients enrolled, 89.3% were female and 48.3% were white. The mean \u00b1 SD age was 34.6 \u00b1 13.4 years, duration of disease was 5.6 \u00b1 5.2 months, and length of followup was 3.8 \u00b1 3.1 years. At enrollment, 17.8% of patients had headache (migraine [60.7%], tension [38.6%], intractable nonspecific [7.1%], cluster [2.6%], and intracranial hypertension [1.0%]). The prevalence of headache increased to 58% after 10 years. Only 1.5% of patients had lupus headache, as identified in the SLEDAI\u20102K. In addition, headache was associated with other NP events attributed to either SLE or non\u2010SLE causes. There was no association of headache with SLEDAI\u20102K scores (without the lupus headache variable), SDI scores, use of corticosteroids, use of antimalarials, use of immunosuppressive medications, or specific autoantibodies. SF\u201036 mental component scores were lower in patients with headache compared with those without headache (mean \u00b1 SD 42.5 \u00b1 12.2 versus 47.8 \u00b1 11.3;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001), and similar differences in physical component scores were seen (38.0 \u00b1 11.0 in those with headache versus 42.6 \u00b1 11.4 in those without headache;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). In 56.1% of patients, the headaches resolved over followup.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Headache is frequent in SLE, but overall, it is not associated with global disease activity or specific autoantibodies. Although headaches are associated with a lower HRQOL, the majority of headaches resolve over time, independent of lupus\u2010specific therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,28]],"date-time":"2013-10-28T15:25:54Z","timestamp":1382973954000},"page":"2887-2897","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Headache in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results From a Prospective, International Inception Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"John G.","family":"Hanly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray B.","family":"Urowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario 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