{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:12Z","timestamp":1790553612787,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Immunobone"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Immunobone"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To unravel the mechanisms that control bony ankylosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histomorphologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed on zygapophyseal joints obtained from 18 patients with AS, 9 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and 10 cadaver donors without a rheumatic disease (controls). The proteoglycan content of the cartilage was determined by Safranin O staining and the chondrocyte apoptosis according to caspase 3 expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AS joints were categorized into 3 groups according to the morphology of the joint surfaces and joint space: group 1 were joints with an open joint space, group 2 were joints with cartilaginous fusion, and group 3 were joints with bony fusion of the joint surfaces. Progressive loss of the joint space from group 1 joints to group 3 joints suggests that this grouping corresponds to sequential stages of joint remodeling. Cartilage thickness and subchondral bone plate thickness declined from group 1 to group 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Increased chondrocyte apoptosis rates were found in groups 1 and 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), while in group 3, a reduction in the proteoglycan content was found (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Bone marrow replacement and invasion of the subchondral bone plate by fibrous tissue was found predominantly in AS joints in group 2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cartilage degeneration, indicated by cartilage thinning, enhanced chondrocyte apoptosis, and proteoglycan loss, and subchondral bone thinning, promoted by invasion of the subchondral bone plate by a fibrous tissue originating from the bone marrow, are hallmarks of joint remodeling in AS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]],"date-time":"2014-02-20T09:47:34Z","timestamp":1392889654000},"page":"1745-1754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Histomorphologic and Histomorphometric Characteristics of Zygapophyseal Joint Remodeling in Ankylosing Spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Janine","family":"Bleil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Hempfing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Werner\u2010Wicker Klinik Bad Wildungen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Schlichting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin 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