{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:35:14Z","timestamp":1793284514762,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR040072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR040072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR053495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR053495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007820","name":"Alliance for Lupus Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007820","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess circulating follicular helper T (Tfh)\u2013like CD4+ T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and determine their relationship to disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood samples from patients with SLE, as well as blood samples from patients with Beh\u00e7et's disease (BD) and healthy individuals as controls, were analyzed. In all samples, circulating Tfh\u2010like cells were enumerated by flow cytometry, using, as markers, expression of CXCR5, inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), and programmed death 1 (PD\u20101) protein, as well as secretion of interleukin\u201021 (IL\u201021). The frequency of circulating Tfh\u2010like cells was compared to that of circulating plasmablasts (CD19+IgD\u2212CD38+). In addition, the possible association of circulating Tfh\u2010like cells with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The subset of circulating Tfh\u2010like T cells, identified as CXCR5\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      ICOS\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      PD\u20101\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      , was expanded in the blood of SLE patients compared to controls. Circulating Tfh\u2010like cells were found to produce IL\u201021 and had lower expression of CCR7 as compared to that in circulating CXCR5\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      central memory T cells, thereby enabling their distinction. Expression of PD\u20101, but not ICOS or CXCR5, was significantly elevated in circulating Tfh\u2010like cells from SLE patients compared to controls. PD\u20101 expression among CXCR5\n                      <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                      circulating Tfh\u2010like cells correlated with the SLEDAI, frequency of circulating plasmablasts, and anti\u2013double\u2010stranded DNA antibody positivity, but not with disease duration or past organ injury; rather, this cell profile appeared to be a reflection of current active disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Circulating Tfh\u2010like cells are associated with disease activity in SLE, suggesting that their presence indicates abnormal homeostasis of T cell\u2013B cell collaboration, with a causal relationship that is central to disease pathogenesis. These findings also suggest that circulating Tfh\u2010like cells provide a surrogate for aberrant germinal center activity in SLE, and that their PD\u20101 expression offers a tool for measuring disease activity and monitoring the response to therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,7]],"date-time":"2015-01-07T15:04:37Z","timestamp":1420643077000},"page":"988-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":313,"title":["Circulating Follicular Helper\u2013Like T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association With Disease Activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Jin\u2010Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Hsi\u2010en","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine New Haven 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