{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:03:19Z","timestamp":1792782199880,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bioventus"},{"name":"NIH","award":["AR-48182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR-48182"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AR-48852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR-48852"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AG-15768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG-15768"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AR-50245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR-50245"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AG-46927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG-46927"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inflammatory response following an articular fracture is thought to play a role in the development of posttraumatic arthritis (PTA) but has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to characterize the acute inflammatory response, both locally and systemically, in joint synovium, synovial fluid (SF), and serum following articular fracture of the ankle. We hypothesized that intraarticular fracture would alter the synovial environment and lead to increased local and systemic inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Synovial tissue biopsy specimens, SF samples, and serum samples were collected from patients with an acute articular ankle fracture (n\u2009=\u20096). Additional samples (normal, ankle osteoarthritis [OA], and knee OA [n\u2009=\u20096 per group]) were included for comparative analyses. Synovial tissue was assessed for synovitis and macrophage count. SF and serum were assessed for cytokines (interferon\u2010\u03b3 [IFN\u03b3], interleukin\u20101\u03b2 [IL\u20101\u03b2], IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201010, IL\u201012p70, and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1) and chemokines (eotaxin, eotaxin 3, IFN\u03b3\u2010inducible 10\u2010kd protein, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP\u20101], MCP\u20104, macrophage\u2010derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 1\u03b2, and thymus and activation\u2013regulated chemokine).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Synovitis scores were significantly higher in ankle fracture tissue compared with normal ankle tissue (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), and there was a trend toward an increased abundance of CD68+ macrophages in ankle fracture synovium compared with normal knee synovium (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06). The concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines were elevated in the SF of patients with ankle fracture compared with those in SF from OA patients with no history of trauma. Only the concentration of IL\u20106 was significantly increased in the serum of patients with ankle fracture compared with normal serum (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articular fracture of the ankle increased acute local inflammation, as indicated by increased synovitis, increased macrophage infiltration into synovial tissue, and increased SF concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation. Characterizing the acute response to articular fracture provides insight into the healing process and may help to identify patients who may be at greater risk of PTA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]],"date-time":"2015-02-23T11:16:00Z","timestamp":1424690160000},"page":"1234-1239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Brief Report: Articular Ankle Fracture Results in Increased Synovitis, Synovial Macrophage Infiltration, and Synovial Fluid Concentrations of Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Bridgette D.","family":"Furman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Kimmerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center and Duke University Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Zura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal P.","family":"Zlowodzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Huebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Insitute Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia B.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Insitute Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshid","family":"Guilak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center and Duke University Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200411000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Autocrine production of IL\u20101\u03b2 by human osteoarthritis\u2010affected cartilage and differential regulation of endogenous nitric oxide, IL\u20106, prostaglandin E2, and IL\u20108","volume":"110","author":"Attur MG","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Epidemiology of ankle arthritis: report of a consecutive series of 639 patients from a tertiary orthopaedic center","volume":"25","author":"Saltzman CL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31818915d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02508.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.025270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318251e66d"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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