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Global disease activity scores (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 [SLEDAI\u20102K]), damage scores (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics\/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI]), and Short Form 36 subscales, mental and physical component summary scores were collected. Time to event, linear and ordinal regressions, and multi\u2010state models were used as appropriate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 1,827 patients with SLE, 88.9% were female, and 48.9% were Caucasian. The mean\u2009\u00b1 SD age of the patients was 35.1\u2009\u00b1\u200913.3 years, disease duration was 5.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8 months, and the length of followup was 4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5 years. During the course of the study, 863 (47.2%) of the 1,827 patients had 1,627 neuropsychiatric events. Mood disorders occurred in 232 (12.7%) of 1,827 patients, and 98 (38.3%) of 256 mood disorder events were attributed to SLE. The estimated cumulative incidence of any mood disorder after 10 years was 17.7% (95% confidence interval 15.1, 20.2%). A greater risk of mood disorder was associated with concurrent neuropsychiatric events (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.01), and a lower risk was associated with Asian race\/ethnicity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). Mood disorders were associated with lower mental health and mental component summary scores but not with the SLEDAI\u20102K, SDI, or lupus autoantibodies. Among the 232 patients with depression, 168 (72.4%) were treated with antidepressants. One hundred twenty\u2010six (49.2%) of 256 mood disorders resolved in 117 (50.4%) of 232 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mood disorders, the second most frequent neuropsychiatric event in patients with SLE, have a negative impact on health\u2010related quality of life and improve over time. The lack of association with global SLE disease activity, cumulative organ damage, and lupus autoantibodies emphasizes the multifactorial etiology of mood disorders and a role for non\u2013lupus\u2010specific therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T18:55:55Z","timestamp":1426532155000},"page":"1837-1847","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Mood Disorders in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results From an International Inception Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"John G.","family":"Hanly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health and University of Cambridge, University Forvie Site Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray B.","family":"Urowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanita","family":"Romero\u2010Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Cheol","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Bernatsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann E.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center and University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan T.","family":"Merrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Isenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Ginzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian N.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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