{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:45:40Z","timestamp":1791859540975,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis operating)","award":["MOP-77700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-77700"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vpfss84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The European Union Seventh Framework Programme (project Euro-TEAM;)","award":["HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1-305549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1-305549"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Innovative Medicine Initiative Joint Undertaking-funded project BeTheCure","award":["115142-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115142-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019af4n30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04jsz6e67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, including seropositivity for rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti\u2013citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). In addition, antibodies to carbamylated proteins (anti\u2010CarP) are present in patients with RA and are associated with joint damage. This study was undertaken to assess the presence of anti\u2010CarP antibodies in indigenous North Americans (First Nations [FN] populations) with RA compared to their at\u2010risk first\u2010degree relatives (FDRs) and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti\u2010CarP IgG and ACPAs (specifically, anti\u2013cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti\u2010CCP] antibodies) were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay in the sera of FN patients with RA (n\u2009=\u200995), their unaffected FDRs (n\u2009=\u2009109), and healthy FN controls (n\u2009=\u200985). Antibodies to additional citrullinated peptides were measured using a multiplex ACPA array, and the number of peptides recognized was reported as an ACPA score. Groups were compared using the chi\u2010square test and Mann\u2010Whitney U test. Associations between RA and seropositivity for RF, ACPAs, and anti\u2010CarP antibodies were determined by logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anti\u2010CarP antibodies were more frequent in FN patients with RA (44.3%) compared to FDRs (18.3%) and FN controls (4.7%) (both\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 versus RA). Moreover, anti\u2010CarP antibodies were more frequent in FDRs than in FN controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). The ACPA score was higher in anti\u2010CCP\u2013positive FN patients with RA than in anti\u2010CCP\u2013positive FN FDRs (median score 7 [interquartile range (IQR) 7] versus median score 1 [IQR 4];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). The association with RA was strongest when all 3 autoantibodies (RF, anti\u2010CCP, and anti\u2010CarP) were present in the patients\u2019 serum (odds ratio 194, 95% confidence interval 23\u20131,609,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti\u2010CarP antibodies are prevalent in FN patients with RA and also more common in their at\u2010risk FDRs compared to healthy controls. The results indicate an association of RF, ACPAs, and anti\u2010CarP with RA that is strongest when all 3 autoantibodies are present. These findings may provide new insights into the evolution of autoimmunity in preclinical RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,6]],"date-time":"2016-03-06T02:39:54Z","timestamp":1457231994000},"page":"2090-2098","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Role of Anti\u2013Carbamylated Protein Antibodies Compared to Anti\u2013Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Indigenous North Americans With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Their First\u2010Degree Relatives, and Healthy Controls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Koppejan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Trouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sokolove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. J.","family":"Lahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. J. W.","family":"Huizinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. A.","family":"Smolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. B.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0796-4422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. S.","family":"El\u2010Gabalawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. E. M.","family":"Toes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"Hitchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(99)80003-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Words first: an evolving terminology relating to Aboriginal peoples in Canada. Government of Canada Communications Branch Indian and Northern Affairs;2002. 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