{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:01:19Z","timestamp":1789729279858,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000341","name":"Arthritis Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility HLA\u2013DRB1 haplotypes based on amino acid positions 11\/13, 71, and 74 predict radiographic damage. The mechanism of action is unknown, but it may be mediated by inflammation. We undertook this study to systematically investigate the effect of these amino acids on nonradiographic measures of disease activity\/outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested the association of RA susceptibility HLA\u2013DRB1 amino acids with the C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) level, the tender joint count (TJC), the swollen joint count (SJC), the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score in the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) and Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study (ERAS) cohorts. Longitudinal modeling of disease activity\/outcomes was performed using generalized linear latent and mixed models. Mediation analysis was performed using directed acyclic graphs to investigate the paths from genetic factors to outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2,158 patients were available for analysis in the NOAR cohort. Valine at position 11 showed the strongest association with the CRP level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.21 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>), the SJC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097.51 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>), and the DAS28 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002); it was marginally associated with the HAQ score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044) but not with the TJC. The same amino acid and haplotype risk hierarchy observed for susceptibility and radiographic severity was observed for the CRP level and nonradiographic measures of disease activity\/outcome, apart from the TJC. The results were replicated in the ERAS cohort. The effect of valine at position 11 on the SJC was mainly mediated by anti\u2013citrullinated protein antibody status, the effect of which was mainly mediated by inflammation; however, the effect of valine at position 11 was also independent of the CRP level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.6 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic markers of RA susceptibility located within HLA\u2013DRB1 determine the levels of clinical and systemic inflammation independently, and also determine all objective measures of disease activity and outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T09:05:05Z","timestamp":1465203905000},"page":"2618-2628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["HLA\u2013DRB1 Amino Acid Positions 11\/13, 71, and 74 Are Associated With Inflammation Level, Disease Activity, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Score in Patients With Inflammatory Polyarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Stephanie F.","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Viatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alper M.","family":"Van Sijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and Jan van Breemen Research Institute Reade Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Silva\u2010Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol A Coru\u00f1a Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah P. M.","family":"Symmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Albans City Hospital, St. Albans, UK, and University of Hertfordshire Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Macgregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1076"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.3435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1473::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4469"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.153734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.8.735"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.6.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280207081236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0740-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.121034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418517701800415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.9.939"},{"issue":"31","key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"S94","article-title":"The Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR)","volume":"21","author":"Symmons DP","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2007.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.948570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000084640.21712.9C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.123828"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.123919"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.39780","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.39780","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.39780","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:32:44Z","timestamp":1759948364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.39780"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.39780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.39780","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5191","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]]}}}