{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:46:39Z","timestamp":1790027199078,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21\u2010ES\u2010024437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21\u2010ES\u2010024437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photosensitivity is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, although the mechanisms linking ultraviolet (UV) light to flares are not well understood. We undertook this study to determine whether repetitive UVB exposure could induce type I interferon (IFN) production in normal mouse skin, and to investigate the roles of inflammatory monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) in type I IFN production and development of UVB irradiation\u2013induced inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were irradiated with UVB at 100 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for 5 days, and cutaneous manifestations were examined by messenger RNA expression of inflammatory and type I IFN response genes, histology, and flow cytometry. Inflammatory monocyte and PDC depletion experiments were performed in CCR2\u2013diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR)\u2013transgenic mice and blood dendritic cell antigen 2\u2013DTR\u2013transgenic mice. The roles of type I IFN and of the adaptor protein stimulator of IFN genes (STING) in UVB irradiation\u2013induced inflammation were investigated using IFN\u2010\u03b1\/\u03b2\/\u03c9 receptor (IFNAR)\u2013knockout mice and STING\u2010knockout mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeated UVB irradiation stimulated an inflammatory cell infiltrate and induction of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, the type I IFN response was independent of PDCs but dependent on inflammatory monocytes, which were recruited following UVB irradiation. The adaptor protein STING was necessary for both type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the skin. UVB\u2010irradiated IFNAR\u2010knockout mice showed increased levels of proinflammatory genes and more severe inflammation by histology, suggesting a protective role for type I IFN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In wild\u2010type mice, repeated doses of UVB irradiation induce monocyte\u2010dependent and PDC\u2010independent expression of type I IFN together with expression of other proinflammatory cytokines. Induction is dependent on the adaptor protein STING. Surprisingly, studies using IFNAR\u2010deficient mice revealed that type I IFN protects against UVB irradiation\u2013induced skin inflammation, in part by attenuating proinflammatory cytokine expression and limiting tissue damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T03:35:00Z","timestamp":1479267300000},"page":"826-836","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Ultraviolet B Irradiation Causes Stimulator of Interferon Genes\u2013Dependent Production of Protective Type I Interferon in Mouse Skin by Recruited Inflammatory Monocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Clayton","family":"Sontheimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denny","family":"Liggitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith B.","family":"Elkon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(91)90057-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70020-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111569"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0706-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2001.280101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12873930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283562c3e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61689-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10825.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.6.3296"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-052814-023338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2011.00911.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1792"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b813346h"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.02.006"},{"issue":"123","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Innate and adaptive tolerance to apoptotic cells is controlled by an IDO\u2010dependent mechanism [abstract]","author":"Ravishankar B","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2005.25.694"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2013.866105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00037-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0210071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1999.02653.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4027"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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