{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:14:10Z","timestamp":1791591250740,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI\u2010061093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI\u2010061093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI\u2010071087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI\u2010071087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI\u2010082713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI\u2010082713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Central and peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoints are defective in many patients with autoimmune diseases, but the functionality of each discrete checkpoint has not been assessed in patients with Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>). We undertook this study to assess this functionality in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a polymerase chain reaction\u2013based approach that allows us to clone and express, in\u00a0vitro, recombinant antibodies produced by single B cells, we tested the reactivity of recombinant antibodies cloned from single <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>19+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>21<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>10+IgM<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>27\u2013 newly emigrant\/transitional B cells and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>19+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>21+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>10\u2013IgM+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>27\u2013 mature naive B cells from 5 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that the frequencies of newly emigrant\/transitional B cells expressing polyreactive antibodies were significantly increased in SS patients compared to those in healthy donors, revealing defective central B cell tolerance in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Frequencies of mature naive B cells expressing autoreactive antibodies were also significantly increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> patients, thereby illustrating an impaired peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoint in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Defective counterselection of developing autoreactive B cells observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> patients is a feature common to many other autoimmune diseases and may favor the development of autoimmunity by allowing autoreactive B cells to present self antigens to T cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T16:12:34Z","timestamp":1499962354000},"page":"2203-2208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Brief Report: Defective Early B Cell Tolerance Checkpoints in Sj\u00f6gren's Syndrome Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Salom\u00e9","family":"Glauzy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Sng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Bannock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques\u2010Eric","family":"Gottenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strasbourg University Hospital National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg and CNRS Institut de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire Immunopathologie et Chimie Th\u00e9rapeutique\/Laboratory of Excellence MEDALIS Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Sophie","family":"Korganow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS Institut de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire Immunopathologie et Chimie Th\u00e9rapeutique\/Laboratory of Excellence MEDALIS UFR M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg and Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Cacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Universit\u00e9, UMR 7211 and Inflammation\u2010Immunopathology\u2010Biotherapy Department INSERM, UMR S959, CNRS, FRE3632, and AP\u2010HP, Groupe Hospitalier 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