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In several small studies using 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010fluorodeoxyglucose\u2013positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/CT<\/jats:styled-content>) to directly assess vascular inflammation, FDG<\/jats:styled-content> uptake was higher in RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in controls. Using a substantially larger sample of RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients, we sought to identify RA<\/jats:styled-content> disease characteristics independently associated with vascular FDG<\/jats:styled-content> uptake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients underwent cardiac FDG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/CT<\/jats:styled-content>, with aortic inflammation assessed by quantification of FDG<\/jats:styled-content> uptake in the ascending aorta, calculated as the mean and maximum (max) standardized uptake value (SUV<\/jats:styled-content>) of the entire ascending aorta and of its most diseased segment (SUV MDS<\/jats:styled-content>). Univariate and multivariable regression models were constructed to model the associations of patient characteristics with aortic FDG<\/jats:styled-content> uptake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Ninety\u2010one RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients were scanned. In multivariable models, in addition to the independent associations of hypertension and body mass index with increased aortic FDG<\/jats:styled-content> uptake, the prevalence of rheumatoid nodules correlated with the SUV<\/jats:styled-content> mean and SUV MDS<\/jats:styled-content> mean measures, while anti\u2013cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti\u2010CCP<\/jats:styled-content>) antibodies correlated inversely with these measures and with the SUV<\/jats:styled-content> max and SUV MDS<\/jats:styled-content> max (P<\/jats:italic> < 0.05). A significant association of RA<\/jats:styled-content> disease activity with aortic FDG<\/jats:styled-content> uptake was observed but was restricted to anti\u2010CCP<\/jats:styled-content> seropositivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Traditional CV<\/jats:styled-content> risk factors and RA<\/jats:styled-content> disease characteristics (rheumatoid nodules and the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C\u2010reactive protein level in anti\u2010CCP<\/jats:styled-content> antibody\u2013positive individuals) were independently associated with ascending aortic FDG<\/jats:styled-content> uptake in RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients without clinical CVD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T12:52:40Z","timestamp":1507553560000},"page":"30-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Arterial Inflammation Detected With 18<\/sup>F\u2010Fluorodeoxyglucose\u2013Positron Emission Tomography in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Geraldino\u2010Pardilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Zartoshti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayse","family":"Bag Ozbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon T.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University 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