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DEK<\/jats:styled-content> is a secreted chemotactic factor. Abundant levels of DEK<\/jats:styled-content> and DEK<\/jats:styled-content> autoantibodies are found in inflamed synovium in JIA<\/jats:styled-content>. We undertook this study to further characterize the nature of DEK<\/jats:styled-content> autoantibodies in screening serum samples from 2 different cohorts that consisted mostly of patients with JIA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>DEK<\/jats:styled-content> autoantibody levels were analyzed in sera from 33 JIA<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 13 patients with other inflammatory conditions, and 11 healthy controls, as well as in 89 serum samples from JIA<\/jats:styled-content> patients receiving anti\u2013tumor necrosis factor (anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content>) therapy. Recombinant His\u2010tagged full\u2010length DEK<\/jats:styled-content> protein (1\u2013375 amino acids [aa]) and the 187\u2013375\u2010aa and 1\u2013350\u2010aa His\u2010tagged DEK<\/jats:styled-content> fragments made in a baculovirus system were used for enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>) and immunoblotting. The C\u2010terminal 25\u2010aa fragment of DEK<\/jats:styled-content> was expressed in a glutathione S\u2010transferase\u2013tagged vector. ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> results were calculated as area under the curve by the trapezoidal rule.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>DEK<\/jats:styled-content> autoantibody levels were significantly higher in patients with polyarticular JIA<\/jats:styled-content> than in those with oligoarticular JIA<\/jats:styled-content>, and were higher in patients with polyarticular JIA<\/jats:styled-content> who had more active disease after cessation of anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy. Immunoblotting against the C\u2010terminal 25\u2010aa fragment of DEK<\/jats:styled-content> confirmed that this section of the DEK<\/jats:styled-content> molecule is the most immunogenic domain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>DEK<\/jats:styled-content> autoantibody levels are higher in patients with polyarticular JIA<\/jats:styled-content> than in those with oligoarticular JIA<\/jats:styled-content>, and higher in patients who have disease flares after cessation of anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy. The C\u2010terminal 25\u2010aa fragment is the most immunogenic portion of DEK<\/jats:styled-content>. These findings are significant with respect to the nature of DEK<\/jats:styled-content> autoantibodies, their contribution to JIA<\/jats:styled-content> pathogenesis, and their implications for JIA<\/jats:styled-content> management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T18:02:34Z","timestamp":1514570554000},"page":"594-605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["High Levels of DEK<\/scp> Autoantibodies in Sera of Patients With Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and With Early Disease Flares Following Cessation of Anti\u2013Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Nirit","family":"Mor\u2010Vaknin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6878-8090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Legendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smriti","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Yuanfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Mau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati School of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph M. 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