{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:51:30Z","timestamp":1759971090044,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007857","name":"Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-\u00e5rsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003125","name":"Suomen Kulttuurirahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005424","name":"Varsinais-Suomen Rahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a new chronic rheumatoid arthritis model that is driven by the innate immune system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injection of a cocktail of 4 monoclonal antibodies against type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> collagen, followed on days 5 and 60 by intraperitoneal injections of mannan (from <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>), was used to induce development of chronic arthritis in B10.Q mice. The role of the innate immune system as compared to the adaptive immune system in this arthritis model was investigated using genetically modified mouse strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A new model of chronic relapsing arthritis was characterized in B10.Q mice, in which a persistently active, chronic disease was found. This relapsing disease was driven by macrophages lacking the ability to mount a reactive oxygen species response against pathogens, and was associated with the classical\/alternative pathway, but not the lectin pathway, of complement activation. The disease was independent of Fc\u03b3 receptor type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>, and also independent of the activity of adaptive immune cells (B and T cells), indicating that the innate immune system, involving complement activation, could be the sole driver of chronicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic active arthritis can be driven innately by macrophages without the involvement of T and B cells in the adaptive immune system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T12:43:32Z","timestamp":1520426612000},"page":"1343-1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chronic Active Arthritis Driven by Macrophages Without Involvement of T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3850-4848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Hagert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicity University of Turku and the National Doctoral Programme in Informational and Structural Biology Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Sareila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicity University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Kelkka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicity University of Turku and the Turku Doctoral Programme of Biomedical Sciences Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kutty Selva","family":"Nandakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingze","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Gu\u00e9rard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"B\u00e4cklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sirpa","family":"Jalkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicity University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rikard","family":"Holmdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Medicity University of Turku The National Doctoral Programme in Informational and Structural Biology and The Turku Doctoral Programme of Biomedical Sciences Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604571103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31935"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700774"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2005.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.7.1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830210536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5383","article-title":"Proteoglycan (aggrecan)\u2010induced arthritis in BALB\/c mice is a Th1\u2010type disease regulated by Th2 cytokines","volume":"163","author":"Finnegan A","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780300211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403831101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37805"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1405798111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2012.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1211588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90030-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.8.4318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.12.3046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013511"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1997.00121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260703"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02727.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3782"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780381211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200009)43:9<1951::AID-ANR5>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-281"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2016.6981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00114"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.40482","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.40482","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T12:29:06Z","timestamp":1759926546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.40482"}},"subtitle":["A Novel Experimental Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.40482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.40482","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2326-5191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2326-5205"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-11-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}