{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T20:42:37Z","timestamp":1781210557433,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]],"date-time":"2018-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010721","name":"Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the prevalence and distribution of asymptomatic monosodium urate monohydrate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSU<\/jats:styled-content>) crystal deposition in sons of patients with gout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with gout were mailed an explanatory letter with an enclosed postage\u2010paid study packet to mail to their son(s) age \u226520 years old. Sons interested in participating returned a reply form and underwent telephone screening. Subsequently, they attended a study visit at which blood and urine samples were obtained and musculoskeletal ultrasonography was performed, with the sonographer blinded with regard to the subject's serum urate level. Images were assessed for double contour sign, intraarticular or intratendinous aggregates\/tophi, effusion, and power Doppler signal. Logistic regression was used to examine associations. Adjusted odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>) and 95% confidence intervals (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s) were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred thirty\u2010one sons (mean age 43.8 years, mean body mass index 27.1 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) completed assessments. The serum urate level was \u22656 mg\/dl in 64.1%, and 29.8% had either a double contour sign or intraarticular aggregates\/tophi in \u22651 joint. All participants with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSU<\/jats:styled-content> deposition had involvement of 1 or both first metatarsophalangeal joints. Intratendinous aggregates were present in 21.4% and were associated with intraarticular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSU<\/jats:styled-content> crystal deposits (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> 2.96 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.17\u20137.49]). No participant with a serum urate level of \u22645 mg\/dl had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSU<\/jats:styled-content> crystal deposition seen on ultrasonography, and 24.2% of those with serum urate levels between 5 and 6 mg\/dl had ultrasonographic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSU<\/jats:styled-content> deposition. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSU<\/jats:styled-content> crystal deposition was associated with increasing serum urate levels (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub> 1.61 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.10\u20132.36] for each increase of 1 mg\/dl).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asymptomatic sons of patients with gout frequently have hyperuricemia and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSU<\/jats:styled-content> crystal deposits. In this study <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSU<\/jats:styled-content> crystal deposits were present in participants with serum urate levels of \u22655 mg\/dl. Evaluation of subjects without a family history of gout is needed to determine whether the threshold for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSU<\/jats:styled-content> crystal deposition is also lower in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T02:08:41Z","timestamp":1527473321000},"page":"1847-1852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Brief Report: Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystal Deposits Are Common in Asymptomatic Sons of Patients With Gout: The Sons of Gout Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Abhishek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Courtney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Sandoval\u2010Plata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian C.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0609-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.3.375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.154997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10792"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203487"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780150209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/1000258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-010-0031-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3309-7"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.40572","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.40572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T11:30:42Z","timestamp":1759923042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.40572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.40572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.40572","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5191","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}