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In addition, approximately one\u2010third of patients have subclinical disease with varying degrees of functional impairment. Although risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content> are well established (e.g., older age, male sex, ever smoking, and seropositivity for rheumatoid factor and anti\u2013cyclic citrullinated peptide), little is known about optimal disease assessment, treatment, and monitoring, particularly in patients with progressive disease. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content> are also at high risk of infection and drug toxicity, which, along with comorbidities, complicates further treatment decision\u2010making. There are distinct histopathologic patterns of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content> with different clinical phenotypes, natural histories, and prognoses. Of these, the usual interstitial pneumonia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UIP<\/jats:styled-content>) subtype of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content> shares a number of clinical and histopathologic features with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the most common and severe of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, suggesting the existence of common mechanistic pathways and possibly therapeutic targets. There remain substantial gaps in our knowledge of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content>. Concerted multinational efforts by expert centers has the potential to elucidate the basic mechanisms underlying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UIP<\/jats:styled-content> and other subtypes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILD<\/jats:styled-content> and facilitate the development of more efficacious and safer drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T02:09:03Z","timestamp":1527473343000},"page":"1544-1554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":294,"title":["The Lung in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova Padua 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