{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:09Z","timestamp":1790553609463,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012456","name":"Toronto General and Western Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n Gut\u2010derived innate lymphoid cell 3 (\n ILC<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3) has been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+ mononuclear phagocytes (\n MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) have been demonstrated to modulate\n ILC<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3 function in the gut. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of proinflammatory\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 59+\n MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s in modulating\n ILC<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3 function in\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\n subsets in the blood of\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients and controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. The presence of\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 59+ cells in tissue was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Expression of the proinflammatory chemokines\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1 and\n CCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 and decoy receptor 6 (DcR\u20106) was analyzed. Peripheral\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 59+ cells were cocultured with\n ILC<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3, and changes in their frequency were evaluated by flow cytometry. Transcriptome analysis of circulating\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+ monocytes was also performed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n DcR\u20106 deficiency and\n CCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 overexpression were observed in inflamed tissues from\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. In the gut, the proinflammatory\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 59+\n MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\n population was expanded, correlated with the presence of bacteria, and produced high levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2013like molecule 1A (\n TL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1A) and interleukin\u201023 (\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201023).\n MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s positive for\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 11b,\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 11c, and major histocompatibility complex class\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n , predominantly expressing\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1, were also expanded in the small intestines of treatment\u2010naive\n SKG<\/jats:styled-content>\n relative to\n BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/c mice. The frequency of gut\u2010derived\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 59+\n CCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 9+\n TL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1A+\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201023+\n MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s was significantly higher in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients than controls.\n CCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 9+\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 59+ monocytes were also expanded in\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n synovial and bone marrow samples. Transcriptome analysis of isolated\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 59+ monocytes demonstrated a specific proinflammatory profile in\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Isolated proinflammatory\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 59+\n MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s from\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients induced the expansion and activation of\n ILC<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Proinflammatory\n CX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1+\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 59+\n TL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1A+\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201023+\n MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s are expanded in\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients and display a specific proinflammatory transcriptome profile. Given the ability of these cells to support\n ILC<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3 expansion, they may promote a sustained proinflammatory status in\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T06:40:28Z","timestamp":1528180828000},"page":"2003-2013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Proinflammatory CX3CR1+CD59+Tumor Necrosis Factor\u2013Like Molecule 1A+Interleukin\u201023+ Monocytes Are Expanded in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis and Modulate Innate Lymphoid Cell 3 Immune Functions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ciccia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 di Palermo Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Guggino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 di Palermo Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krembil Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjeny","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute Translational Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Ranganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arifur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute Translational Research Institute Brisbane 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