{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:09:59Z","timestamp":1793639399145,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 National Fran\u00e7aise de M\u00e9decine Interne"},{"name":"The Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dical"},{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris"},{"name":"the French Arthritis Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005737","name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC) Paris 6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n No simple or standardized assay is available to quantify interferon\u2010\u03b1 (\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1) in routine clinical practice. Single\u2010molecule array (Simoa) digital enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (\n ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) technology enables direct\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1 quantification at attomolar (femtogram per milliliter [fg\/ml]) concentrations. This study was undertaken to assess\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1 digital\n ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnostic performances to monitor systemic lupus erythematosus (\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) activity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1 concentrations in serum samples from 150 consecutive\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients in a cross\u2010sectional study were determined with digital\n ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and a functional biologic activity assay (bioassay). According to their Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (\n SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) flare composite scores, patients were divided into groups with inactive\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n score of <4 or clinical\n SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n score of 0) or active\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n score of \u22654 or clinical\n SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n score of >0), and into groups with no flare or mild\/moderate flare or severe flare.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Based on serum samples from healthy blood donors, the abnormal serum\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1 level threshold value was 136 fg\/ml. Next, using receiver operating characteristic curves for an\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n patient series that was widely heterogeneous in terms of disease activity and organ involvement, the threshold\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1 value associated with active disease was determined to be 266 fg\/ml. The digital\n ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2013assessed serum\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1 level was a better biomarker of disease activity than the Farr assay because its specificity, likelihood ratio for positive results, and positive predictive value better discerned active\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n or flare from inactive disease. The digital\n ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n was more sensitive than the bioassay for detecting low\u2010abnormal serum\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1 concentrations and identifying patients with low disease activity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Direct serum\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1 determination with a highly sensitive assay might improve monitoring of clinical\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n activity and selection of the best candidates for anti\u2010\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1 treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T06:04:40Z","timestamp":1543817080000},"page":"756-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Monitoring Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Single\u2010Molecule Array Digital Enzyme\u2010Linked Immunosorbent Assay Quantification of Serum Interferon\u2010\u03b1"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7653-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Mathian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Groupement Hospitalier Piti\u00e9\u2013Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re French National Referral Center for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and Other Autoimmune Disorders Service de M\u00e9decine Interne 2 Institut E3M, Inserm UMRS Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI\u2010Paris) Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Mouries\u2010Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon H\u00f4pital Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Mitterrand Service de m\u00e9decine interne et maladies syst\u00e9miques (m\u00e9decine 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