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DC<\/jats:styled-content>s were analyzed using single\u2010cell gene expression assays, performed immediately after isolation or after in vitro stimulation of the cells. In addition, protein expression was measured using fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>CD<\/jats:styled-content>1c+ conventional DC<\/jats:styled-content>s and plasmacytoid DC<\/jats:styled-content>s from healthy individuals exhibited diverse transcriptional signatures, while the DC<\/jats:styled-content> transcriptional signatures in patients with autoimmune disease were altered. In particular, distinct DC<\/jats:styled-content> clusters, characterized by up\u2010regulation of TAP<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>, IRF<\/jats:styled-content>7<\/jats:italic>, and IFNAR<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>, were abundant in patients with systemic autoimmune disease, whereas DC<\/jats:styled-content>s from patients with type 1 diabetes had decreased expression of the regulatory genes PTPN<\/jats:styled-content>6<\/jats:italic>, TGFB<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, and TYROBP<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>. The frequency of CD<\/jats:styled-content>1c+ conventional DC<\/jats:styled-content>s that expressed a systemic autoimmune profile directly correlated with the extent of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Spearman's r<\/jats:italic> = 0.60, P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>DC<\/jats:styled-content> transcriptional signatures are altered in patients with autoimmune disease and are associated with the level of disease activity, suggesting that immune cell transcriptional profiling could improve our ability to detect and understand the heterogeneity of these diseases, and could guide treatment choices in patients with a complex autoimmune disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T05:49:28Z","timestamp":1543902568000},"page":"817-828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Association of Dendritic Cell Signatures With Autoimmune Inflammation Revealed by Single\u2010Cell Profiling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Michelle P.","family":"Ashton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Eugster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevina","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Loebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annett","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Taranko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babett","family":"Heschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Gavrisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. 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