{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:21:39Z","timestamp":1783578099310,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007820","name":"Alliance for Lupus Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007820","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>To investigate the utility of a sensitive platform using electrochemiluminescence (ECL<\/jats:styled-content>) for the identification of low\u2010abundance urinary protein biomarkers in lupus nephritis (LN<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Forty\u2010eight urine samples were obtained from subjects in 2 independent cohorts, each consisting of 3 groups (matched for age, sex, and race) of 8 patients with active LN<\/jats:styled-content> (renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index [SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content>] >0), 8 patients with inactive SLE (renal SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content> 0), and 8 healthy controls. Samples were tested using a preexisting 40\u2010plex ECL<\/jats:styled-content> panel. A custom 5\u2010plex ECL<\/jats:styled-content> panel was then developed for further validation studies and used to test 140 urine samples (from 44 patients with active LN, 41 patients with inactive SLE, 28 healthy controls, and 27 patients with other kidney diseases).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Levels of 17 urinary proteins were elevated (P<\/jats:italic> < 0.05 by 2\u2010tailed Mann\u2010Whitney U test) in samples from patients with active LN<\/jats:styled-content> compared to samples from patients with inactive SLE<\/jats:styled-content> and healthy controls in cohort 1, while 9 were similarly elevated in cohort 2. Of these, interleukin\u20107 (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107), IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012p40, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201015, interferon\u2010\u03b3\u2013inducible protein 10 (IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010), and thymus and activation\u2013regulated chemokine (TARC<\/jats:styled-content>) were chosen for further validation. These 5 proteins were undetectable by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>). Hence, a custom 5\u2010plex ECL<\/jats:styled-content> panel was developed and used to validate the results from the initial 40\u2010plex screening panel. Urinary IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012p40, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201015, IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and TARC<\/jats:styled-content> levels were again significantly elevated in patients with active LN<\/jats:styled-content> compared to those with inactive SLE<\/jats:styled-content> and healthy controls, and correlated well with the renal SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content> and physician's global assessment of disease activity (R > 0.67, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.05). All 5 urinary proteins were more frequently elevated in LN<\/jats:styled-content> compared to controls with other chronic kidney diseases, although overall group differences attained significance only for urinary IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Urinary levels of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012p40, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201015, IP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and TARC<\/jats:styled-content> are potentially useful diagnostic tools in LN<\/jats:styled-content>. The use of ECL<\/jats:styled-content> assays may allow detection of urinary biomarkers that are below ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> detection limits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T22:53:30Z","timestamp":1546988010000},"page":"744-755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Identification of Low\u2010Abundance Urinary Biomarkers in Lupus Nephritis Using Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Stanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Chiu","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuen Mun Hospital Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamala","family":"Vanarsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deena","family":"Habazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pedroza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-eular.5526","article-title":"Lupus nephritis is associated with increased rates of hospitalization and in\u2010hospital mortality compared with non\u2010renal lupus and matched controls: an analysis of insurance claims data","volume":"76","author":"Belendiuk KA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V102413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"2046","article-title":"The benefit of early treatment with immunosuppressive agents in lupus nephritis","volume":"21","author":"Esdaile JM","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"SomaLogic.SOMAscan proteomic assay technical white paper.2015. p.1\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"JonesVS TangH HuangRP.Exploring protein phosphorylation with RayBio antibody arrays and ELISAs. URL:https:\/\/www.raybiotech.com\/files\/Tech-Support\/App-Notes\/Protein-Phosphorylation_appnote.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr800538n"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470027318.a5302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Electrogenerated chemiluminescence","author":"Debad JD","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr020373d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200103)44:3<735::AID-ANR125>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry: applications, theory, and instrumentation","author":"Nepomnyashchii AB","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-011-9555-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312452622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006090992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.11.7949"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.10.7166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/638413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000045663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Cytokine kinetics in an in vitro whole blood model following an endotoxin challenge","volume":"12","author":"Oliver JC","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lymphokine Cytokine Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(92)90313-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2007.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information.IL7 interleukin 7 [homo sapiens (human)]. URL:https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/3574."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2010.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203306075793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400724"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","unstructured":"UniProt.UniProtKB: P29460 (IL12B_HUMAN). URL:https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprot\/P29460."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500400"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200009)43:9<1976::AID-ANR8>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1999.0512"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10165-007-0568-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24499"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908834106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.8.876"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","first-page":"364","article-title":"Proinflammatory interferon\u2010\u03b3\u2013inducing monokines (interleukin\u201012, interleukin\u201018, interleukin\u201015): serum profile in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13","author":"Robak E","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","unstructured":"UniProt.UniProtKB: P02778 (CXL10_HUMAN). URL:https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprot\/P02778."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2000.0757"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313484977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.23.15036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2006.00072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","first-page":"2369","article-title":"A role for TARC\/CCL17, a CC chemokine, in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"30","author":"Okamoto H","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.038315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02617.x"}],"container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.40813","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.40813","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/art.40813","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.40813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T12:27:42Z","timestamp":1759926462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.40813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.40813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.40813","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5191","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}