{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T09:20:42Z","timestamp":1794475242985,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n There is no curative treatment for osteoarthritis (\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), which is the most common form of arthritis. This study was undertaken to identify causal risk factors of knee, hip, and hand\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Individual\u2010level data from 384,838 unrelated participants in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n Biobank study were analyzed. Mendelian randomization (\n MR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) analyses were performed to test for causality for body mass index (\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), bone mineral density (\n BMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), serum high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure (\n BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and C\u2010reactive protein (\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) levels. The primary outcome measure was\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n determined using hospital diagnoses (all sites, n = 48,431; knee, n = 19,727; hip, n = 11,875; hand, n = 2,330). Odds ratios (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) with 95% confidence intervals (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) were calculated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n MR<\/jats:styled-content>\n analyses demonstrated a robust causal association of genetically determined\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n with all\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n per\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n increase 1.57 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.44\u20131.71]), and with knee\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and hip\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , but not with hand\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Increased genetically determined femoral neck\n BMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n was causally associated with all\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n per\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n increase 1.14 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.06\u20131.22]), knee\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and hip\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Low systolic\n BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n was causally associated with all\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n per\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n decrease 1.55 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.29\u20131.87]), knee\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and hip\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . There was no evidence of causality for the other tested metabolic factors or\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n level.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings indicate that\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n exerts a major causal effect on the risk of\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n at weight\u2010bearing joints, but not at the hand. Evidence of causality of all\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , knee\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and hip\n OA<\/jats:styled-content>\n was also observed for high femoral neck\n BMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and low systolic\n BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n . However, we found no evidence of causality for other metabolic factors or\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n level.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T00:47:58Z","timestamp":1558054078000},"page":"1634-1641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Causal Factors for Knee, Hip, and Hand Osteoarthritis: A\u00a0Mendelian Randomization Study in the\n UK<\/scp>\n Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7684-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Funck\u2010Brentano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Nethander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 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