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This study was undertaken to develop a clearer understanding of the association between changes in disease activity and lipid levels in AAV<\/jats:styled-content>, which may inform CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk stratification in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Lipid levels were assessed in stored serum samples (obtained at baseline and month 6) from the Rituximab for ANCA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Associated Vasculitis (RAVE<\/jats:styled-content>) trial, which randomized patients to receive either rituximab or cyclophosphamide followed by azathioprine. Paired t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests and multivariable linear regression were used to assess changes in lipid levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of the 142 patients with serum samples available, the mean \u00b1 SD<\/jats:styled-content> age was 52.3 \u00b1 14.7 years, 72 (51%) were male, 95 (67%) were proteinase 3 (PR<\/jats:styled-content>3)\u2013ANCA<\/jats:styled-content> positive, 72 (51%) had received a new diagnosis of AAV<\/jats:styled-content>, and 75 (53%) were treated with rituximab. Several lipid levels increased between baseline and month 6, including total cholesterol (+12.4 mg\/dl [95% confidence interval (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>) +7.1, +21.0]), low\u2010density lipoprotein (+10.3 mg\/dl [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> +6.1, +17.1]), and apolipoprotein B (+3.5 mg\/dl [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> +1.0, +8.3]). These changes were observed among newly diagnosed and PR<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010ANCA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013positive patients but not among those with relapsing disease or myeloperoxidase\u2010ANCA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013positive patients. There was no difference in change in lipid levels between rituximab\u2010treated patients and cyclophosphamide\u2010treated patients. Changes in lipid levels correlated with changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate but not with other inflammatory markers or glucocorticoid exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Lipid levels increased during remission induction among patients with newly diagnosed AAV<\/jats:styled-content> and those who were PR<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010ANCA<\/jats:styled-content> positive. Disease activity and ANCA<\/jats:styled-content> type should be considered when assessing lipid profiles to stratify CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk in patients with AAV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T08:00:49Z","timestamp":1559635249000},"page":"1879-1887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Disease Activity, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Type, and Lipid Levels in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody\u2013Associated Vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4708-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary S.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4797-3200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cees G. 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