{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:57:27Z","timestamp":1790614647792,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000901","name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004328","name":"Genentech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004328","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006314","name":"Biogen Idec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23\u2010AR\u2010052820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23\u2010AR\u2010052820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24\u2010AR\u2010049185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24\u2010AR\u2010049185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1\u2010RR\u2010025005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1\u2010RR\u2010025005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1\u2010TR\u201000043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1\u2010TR\u201000043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000980","name":"Arthritis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>To assess the frequency of venous thromboembolism (VTE<\/jats:styled-content>) events in the Rituximab in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2013Associated Vasculitis (RAVE<\/jats:styled-content>) trial and identify novel potential risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>VTE<\/jats:styled-content> events in 197 patients enrolled in the RAVE<\/jats:styled-content> trial were analyzed. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VTE<\/jats:styled-content> in ANCA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated vasculitis (AAV<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>VTE<\/jats:styled-content> occurred in 16 patients (8.1%) with an overall average time to event of 1.5 months (range 1.0\u20132.75). In univariate analyses with calculation of hazard ratios (HR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>s), heart involvement (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 17.408 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.247\u2013134.842]; P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), positive proteinase 3 (PR<\/jats:styled-content>3)\u2013ANCA<\/jats:styled-content> (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 7.731 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.021\u201358.545]; P<\/jats:italic> = 0.048), pulmonary hemorrhage (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.889 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.448\u201310.448]; P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008), and the presence of red blood cell casts (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 15.617 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.491\u201369.854]; P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001) were associated with the onset of VTE<\/jats:styled-content>. In multivariate models adjusted for age and sex, the significant associations between VTE<\/jats:styled-content> events and heart involvement (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 21.836 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.566\u2013185.805]; P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), PR<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010ANCA<\/jats:styled-content> (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 9.12 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.158\u201371.839]; P<\/jats:italic> = 0.036), pulmonary hemorrhage (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.91 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.453\u201310.522]; P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007), and urinary red blood cell casts (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 16.455 [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.607\u201375.075]; P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001) remained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Patients diagnosed as having AAV<\/jats:styled-content> with pulmonary hemorrhage, positive PR<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010ANCA<\/jats:styled-content>, heart involvement, and the presence of red blood cell casts are at an increased risk to develop VTE<\/jats:styled-content>. Further studies are needed to confirm and expand these findings and to explore the mechanisms of hypercoagulability in these patients with the aim of informing potential targets for therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T08:54:22Z","timestamp":1560934462000},"page":"1888-1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Association of Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Positive Proteinase 3, and Urinary Red Blood Cell Casts With Venous Thromboembolism in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody\u2013Associated Vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-2946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Kronbichler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Leierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Il","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine and Severance Children's Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Spiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Langford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vasculitis Care and Research Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vasculitis Care and Research Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cees G. 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