{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:12:48Z","timestamp":1791364368615,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the associations between Black race and the presence of radiographic, symptomatic, and clinical hand osteoarthritis (OA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using available hand radiographs from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort (total 4,699; n\u00a0=\u00a0849 Black subjects [18.1%], n\u00a0=\u00a03,850 non\u2010Black subjects [81.9%]), a propensity score\u2013matching method was used to match Black subjects with non\u2010Black subjects for known potential risk factors of hand OA (age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, excessive occupation\u2010 or recreation\u2010related hand use, and knee OA). Posteroanterior radiographs of subjects\u2019 dominant hands were reviewed by a musculoskeletal radiologist in a blinded manner. To assess the severity of hand OA, the modified Kellgren\/Lawrence (K\/L) radiographic OA scoring scale (grades 0\u20134) was used, and the presence of erosive OA in the hand joints was recorded. Associations between race and the severity of hand OA (measured as the summed modified K\/L grade), presence of radiographic hand OA (modified K\/L grade\u2009\u22652), presence of erosive hand OA, presence of symptomatic hand OA (radiographic OA with hand pain), and presence of clinical hand OA (indicated by clinical findings of Heberden's nodes in the hands) were studied using regression models. In these models, beta coefficients or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for the associations between Black race and any of these radiographic and symptomatic hand OA phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Black subjects had less severe hand OA (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u20131.93 [95% CI \u20132.53, \u20131.34]), as well as a lower risk of developing radiographic hand OA (OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.66, 0.94]), erosive hand OA (OR 0.23 [95% CI 0.11, 0.47]), symptomatic hand OA (OR 0.63 [95% CI 0.49, 0.82]), and clinical hand OA (OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.41, 0.60]), as compared to non\u2010Black subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In contrast to the well\u2010established association between Black race and knee or hip OA, the findings of this study suggest that the risk of hand OA is lower in Black subjects compared to non\u2010Black subjects, which is not mediated by known hand OA risk factors. Future studies are warranted to determine the mediating protective factors for hand OA among Black subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T00:20:39Z","timestamp":1582503639000},"page":"453-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Association Between Race and Radiographic, Symptomatic, and Clinical Hand Osteoarthritis: A Propensity Score\u2013Matched Study Using Osteoarthritis Initiative Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Pishgar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Kwee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Zuyderland Medical Center  Heerlen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya","family":"Haj\u2010Mirzaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Guermazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida K.","family":"Haugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diakonhjemmet Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadpour","family":"Demehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.131151"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.084772"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32833b1b6f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1494-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31802ba28e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4732-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-161-1-201407010-01001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318209dec7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280212445945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Prevalence of knee symptoms and radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project","volume":"34","author":"Jordan JM","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21375"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.4240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981015)17:19<2265::AID-SIM918>3.0.CO;2-B"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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