{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:23:47Z","timestamp":1785281027988,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myocardial involvement may occur during systemic sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c) and can lead to impaired myocardial contraction and\/or arrhythmia. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) is used for noninvasive characterization of the myocardium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of cardiac <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> with intravoxel incoherent motion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIM<\/jats:styled-content>) diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DWI<\/jats:styled-content>) and longitudinal relaxation time (T1) sequence mapping for assessment of myocardial microvascular and interstitium impairment in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this single\u2010center prospective cohort study, 40 consecutive patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c and 20 healthy controls were assessed by cardiac <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIM DWI<\/jats:styled-content> and T1 mapping sequences on a 3T scanning system. Images were analyzed independently by 2 assessors, and Bland\u2010Altman plots were used to assess interreader concordance and reproducibility. Characteristics of the patients were compared according to quartiles of T1 and perfusion fraction (f\u2010coefficient) values, using exact Cochran\u2010Ermitage trend tests for qualitative variables and analysis of variance for quantitative variables. Kaplan\u2010Meier cardiac events\u2013free survival curves were plotted and compared with a log\u2010rank test for trend.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>T1 values were higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c patients than in healthy controls, and were higher in the diffuse cutaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c (dc<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c) subset (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Higher T1 values were associated with the immunologic pattern seen in patients with the dc<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c form (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001), a higher modified Rodnan skin thickness score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRSS<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003), and a higher frequency of interstitial lung disease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03). Moreover, higher T1 values were correlated with higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRSS<\/jats:styled-content> scores (r\u00a0=\u00a0+0.32, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and reduced forced vital capacity (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.34, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.048), and tended to be correlated with reduced total lung capacity (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.07). Lower f\u2010coefficient values, as a measure of decreased tissue perfusion, were associated with less frequent use of vasodilators (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02 for angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.06 for calcium\u2010channel blockers) and more frequent use of glucocorticoids (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). The f\u2010coefficients were inversely correlated with the T1 values (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.31, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Furthermore, higher T1 values were associated with higher incidence of cardiac events (log\u2010rank test for trend <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased T1 values, potentially suggesting microscopic fibrosis, were observed more frequently in patients with dc<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c, and higher T1 values were associated with interstitial lung disease and more frequent cardiac events during follow\u2010up. The results of this study show that cardiac <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> with T1 mapping\u00a0sequences and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIM DWI<\/jats:styled-content> may be useful in assessing myocardial involvement in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T10:32:23Z","timestamp":1588847543000},"page":"1571-1580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Cardiac Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion\u2010Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging With T1 Mapping to Assess Myocardial Perfusion and Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis: Association With Cardiac Events From a Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6612-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Terrier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases H\u00f4pital Cochin AP\u2010HP, and Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Dechartres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 INSERM, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re\u2013Charles Foix, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Gouya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Cochin AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moncef","family":"Ben Arfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Cochin AP\u2010HP, Paris, France, and American Hospital of Paris  Neuilly\u2010sur\u2010Seine France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"B\u00e9r\u00e9zne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases H\u00f4pital Cochin, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8136-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"R\u00e9gent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases H\u00f4pital Cochin AP\u2010HP, and Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Dunogu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Center for Rare 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