{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:14:07Z","timestamp":1790356447335,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,25]],"date-time":"2020-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM201602087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201602087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Metabolic abnormalities cause dysregulation of multiple immune cells, but the metabolic regulation of type I IFN production is not well clarified in SLE. We undertook this study to define amino acid metabolism features in SLE and to explore the function of disease\u2010relevant metabolites in the control of plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)\u2013mediated type I IFN production and the progression of SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolomic profiling of the serum from SLE patients and healthy controls was performed by mass spectrometry. The effects of SLE\u2010related metabolites on type I IFN production were explored in human and mouse pDCs. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of pDCs from wild\u2010type and <jats:italic>Ncf1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice were measured by flow cytometry. Mechanisms were investigated by RNA sequencing and immunoblotting. In vivo effects of SLE\u2010relevant metabolites were systemically analyzed in B6.Cg\u2010Sle1<jats:sup>NZM2410\/Aeg<\/jats:sup> Yaa\/DcrJ mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taurine was higher in the serum from SLE patients compared to healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and rheumatoid arthritis patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Taurine content was positively correlated with disease activity and the expression of IFN signature genes. The addition of taurine facilitated IFN regulatory factor 7 phosphorylation and enhanced type I IFN production by reducing the ROS levels in pDCs in a neutrophil cytosolic factor 1\u2013dependent manner. Taurine supplementation promoted expression of type I IFN\u2013induced genes, activated lymphocytes, and increased autoantibodies and proteinuria, leading to more serious nephritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taurine metabolism is involved in the development of SLE by enhancing pDC\u2010mediated type I IFN production. Targeted inhibition of taurine or implementation of a taurine\u2010restricted diet has therapeutic potential in SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T07:47:05Z","timestamp":1593589625000},"page":"2106-2117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Taurine Metabolism Aggravates the Progression of Lupus by Promoting the Function of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5875-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihua","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhizhong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, and Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, and Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China, and Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children\u2032s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio United 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