{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:24:35Z","timestamp":1785281075463,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major complication and cause of mortality in Takayasu arteritis (TAK), but population\u2010based controlled studies from the UK are lacking. We undertook the present study to investigate the frequency of morbidity and mortality related to CVD, as well as to cerebrovascular and kidney disease, among patients with TAK in the UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Yearly cohort and cross\u2010sectional studies were performed from 2000 to 2017 to estimate annual incidence and prevalence, respectively, of TAK. Using a UK primary care database (IQVIA Medical Research Data), an open retrospective matched cohort study was conducted to estimate risk of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular morbidity, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and all\u2010cause mortality in TAK. Risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]) of the assessed comorbidities among patients with TAK compared to age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls was estimated. Changes in medication prescription over time were examined in both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred forty\u2010two patients with TAK (median age 53.4 years [interquartile range 33.8\u201370.7]) and 1,371 matched controls were included. The annual incidence and prevalence of TAK were 0.8 per million and 7.5 per million respectively. All\u2010cause mortality was increased in TAK (adjusted HR 1.88 [95% confidence interval 1.29\u20132.76]). Patients with TAK had an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease, stroke\/transient ischemic attack, combined CVD, and peripheral vascular disease compared to controls, but no increase in risk of hypertension, CKD, heart failure, or diabetes. Only ~50% of patients with TAK requiring secondary CVD prevention were prescribed statins or antiplatelet agents within 1 year after study entry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular morbidity was increased among patients with TAK receiving primary care services in the UK. Treatment with statins and antiplatelet agents in these patients was suboptimal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T03:55:43Z","timestamp":1600919743000},"page":"504-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cardiovascular and Renal Morbidity in Takayasu Arteritis: A Population\u2010Based Retrospective Cohort Study From the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3127-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruchika","family":"Goel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham and Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9561-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joht Singh","family":"Chandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasiah","family":"Thayakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola J.","family":"Adderley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnarajah","family":"Nirantharakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham and Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.7.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00004"},{"issue":"64","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"S40","article-title":"A population\u2010based study of Takayasu's arteritis in eastern Denmark","volume":"29","author":"Dreyer L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140843"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh664"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Generalisability of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database: demographics, chronic disease prevalence and mortality rates","volume":"19","author":"Blak BT","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inform Prim Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2532.1994.1130177.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"NHS Digital.Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) business rules v42 2019\u20102020 baseline release. 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