{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:59:57Z","timestamp":1792634397004,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Cancer Center Support\/Grant P30 CA016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Cancer Center Support\/Grant P30 CA016672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor\u2013related myositis (ICI\u2010myositis) in cancer patients receiving ICIs, and to report associated clinical manifestations, patterns of care, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified a retrospective cohort of patients receiving ICIs between 2016 and 2019 seen at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Cases of ICI\u2010myositis were identified using International Classification of Disease codes and confirmed by reviewing medical records and pathology, as available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 9,088 patients received an ICI. Thirty\u2010six patients (0.40%) were identified as having ICI\u2010myositis: 17 patients (47%) with ICI\u2010myositis alone and 19 (53%) with overlap manifestations (5 patients with myocarditis, 5 with myasthenia gravis, and 9 with both). The incidence of ICI\u2010myositis was 0.31% in those receiving ICI monotherapy and 0.94% in those receiving combination ICI therapy (relative risk 3.1 [95% confidence interval 1.5\u20136.1]). Twenty\u2010five patients (69%) received \u22651 treatment in addition to glucocorticoids: plasmapheresis in 17 patients (47%), intravenous immunoglobulin in 12 (33%), and biologics in 11 (31%). Patients with overlap conditions had worse outcomes than those with myositis alone, and 79% of them developed respiratory failure. Eight patients died as a result of ICI\u2010myositis, and all had overlap syndrome with myasthenia gravis or myocarditis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05); 75% of these patients had a concomitant infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICI\u2010myositis is a rare but severe adverse event. More than half of the patients presented with overlap manifestations and had deleterious outcomes, including respiratory failure and death. None of the patients with ICI\u2010myositis alone died as a result of adverse events. Optimal treatment strategies have yet to be determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T12:48:52Z","timestamp":1606826932000},"page":"866-874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Inflammatory Myositis in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8896-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Aldrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xerxes","family":"Pundole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhakar","family":"Tummala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Palaskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clark R.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahran","family":"Shoukier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha","family":"Abdel\u2010Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, and Assiut University Hospitals  Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Deswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5381-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria E.","family":"Suarez\u2010Almazor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Yervoy (ipilimumab)","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Keytruda (pembrolizumab)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Opdivo (nivolumab)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.0393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx286"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.2535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1912"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2539493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2018.06.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Pembrolizumab induced fatal myositis and myocarditis","volume":"33","author":"Petitpain N","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fundamd Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute: National Institutes of Health.Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). 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