{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T04:42:30Z","timestamp":1774327350817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000033","name":"Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP77700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP77700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000142","name":"Arthritis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TPF\u201018\u20100219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TPF\u201018\u20100219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Co\u2010occurrence of autoantibodies specific for \u22651 autoimmune disease is widely prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. To understand the prevalence of polyautoimmunity in preclinical RA, we performed a comprehensive autoantibody assessment in a First Nations cohort of at\u2010risk first\u2010degree relatives (FDR) of RA patients, a subset of whom subsequently developed RA (progressors).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Venous blood was collected from all study participants (n = 50 RA patients and 64 FDR) at scheduled visits, and serum was stored at \u221220\u00b0C. High\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein level, anti\u2013citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) status, and autoantibody status were determined using commercially available enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay kits. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was detected by nephelometry. Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) were identified using Hep\u20102 indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and classified according to international consensus nomenclature as various anti\u2010cell (AC) patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of our study cohort, 78.9% had positive ANA reactivity (\u22651:80), which was either a homogenous, fine\u2010speckled (AC\u20101 and AC\u20104) or mixed IFA pattern. Importantly, the AC\u20104 and mixed ANA patterns were also observed in progressors at the time of disease onset. While all of the RA patients showed a high prevalence of arthritis\u2010associated autoantibodies, they also had a high prevalence of extractable nuclear antigen\u2013positive autoantibodies to other autoantigens. In FDR, we did not observe any increase in serum autoreactivity to nonarthritis autoantigens, either cross\u2010sectionally or in samples collected longitudinally from progressors prior to RA onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While alternative autoimmunity and ANA positivity are widely prevalent in First Nations populations, including asymptomatic, seronegative FDR, expansion of alternative autoimmunity does not occur in parallel with ACPA expansion in FDR and is restricted to patients with established RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T21:55:11Z","timestamp":1612562111000},"page":"740-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Expansion of Alternative Autoantibodies Does Not Follow the Evolution of Anti\u2013Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Analysis in At\u2010Risk First Degree Relatives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9290-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vidyanand","family":"Anaparti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Smolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5580-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mackenzie A.","family":"Jantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marvin J.","family":"Fritzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"El\u2010Gabalawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba 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